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Koppel, L., Andersson, D., Johannesson, M., Strømland, E. & Tinghög, G. (2025). Comprehension in economic games. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 234, Article ID 107039.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comprehension in economic games
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2025 (English)In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, ISSN 0167-2681, E-ISSN 1879-1751, Vol. 234, article id 107039Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Many disciplines rely on economic games to measure prosocial behavior. However, there is a concern that participants may misunderstand these games, complicating interpretation of results. This study combines online and laboratory data (total n = 1568) to assess subject comprehension of five standard economic games: the Dictator Game, Ultimatum Game, Trust Game, Public Goods Game, and Prisoner's Dilemma. The online and lab data collections are carried out separately and for the online data collection we collect data for two separate platforms (Prolific and CloudResearch's MTurk Toolkit). Within each data collection participants carry out all five games, and are randomized to comprehension questions with or without incentives for correct answers. Results indicate that misunderstanding is common: the proportion of participants who misunderstood ranged from 22 % (Dictator Game) to 70 % (Trust Game) in the online samples and from 22 % (Dictator Game) to 53 % (Public Goods Game) in the lab sample. Incentivizing the comprehension questions had no significant impact on misunderstanding, but numeracy was associated with lower misunderstanding. Misunderstanding also predicted increased prosocial behavior in several of the games. Our findings suggest that misunderstanding may be important in explaining prosocial behavior, making it more complicated to draw clear inferences about social preferences from experimental data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
Comprehension; Social preferences; Dictator game; Ultimatum game; Public goods game; Trust game; Prisoner's dilemma
National Category
Economics Psychology (Excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-213484 (URN)10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107039 (DOI)001484706900001 ()2-s2.0-105003713108 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council

Available from: 2025-05-05 Created: 2025-05-05 Last updated: 2025-05-26
Mayiwar, L., Asutay, E., Tinghög, G., Västfjäll, D. & Barrafrem, K. (2025). Determinants of digital well-being. AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Determinants of digital well-being
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2025 (English)In: AI & Society: Knowledge, Culture and Communication, ISSN 0951-5666, E-ISSN 1435-5655Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

How can people lead fulfilling lives both thanks to and despite the constant use of digital media and artificial intelligence? While the prevailing narrative often portrays these technologies as generally harmful to well-being, the reality is of course more nuanced—some individuals benefit, while others do not. Existing research has predominantly focused on the general consequences of digital media on well-being, with less attention given to the individual-level antecedents of digital well-being. In the present study, we aimed to identify the traits and characteristics of individuals who use digital tools in ways that promote their well-being. Using a large representative sample from Sweden (N = 1999), we explore how digital self-control, digital literacy (objective and subjective), and digital information ignorance predict digital well-being, life satisfaction, and social anxiety. Digital self-control and subjective digital literacy positively predicted digital well-being. Digital self-control also predicted greater life satisfaction. Finally, digital information ignorance predicted increased life satisfaction and social anxiety. Overall, the current study contributes to a growing literature on digital well-being by exploring its antecedents.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPRINGER, 2025
Keywords
Digital well-being; Self-control; Digital literacy; Information avoidance
National Category
Economics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-207760 (URN)10.1007/s00146-024-02071-2 (DOI)001316287300001 ()2-s2.0-85204475339 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Linköpings universitet
Note

Funding Agencies|Handelsrdet

Available from: 2024-09-20 Created: 2024-09-20 Last updated: 2025-06-27
Andersson, D., Lindberg, M., Tinghög, G. & Persson, E. (2025). No evidence for decision fatigue using large-scale field data from healthcare. Communications Psychology, 3(1), Article ID 33.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>No evidence for decision fatigue using large-scale field data from healthcare
2025 (English)In: Communications Psychology, E-ISSN 2731-9121, Vol. 3, no 1, article id 33Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Decision fatigue is the idea that making decisions is mentally demanding and eventually leads to deteriorated decision quality. Many studies report results that appear consistent with decision fatigue. However, most of this evidence comes from observed sequential patterns using retrospective designs, without preregistration or external validation and with low precision in how decision fatigue is operationalized. Here we conducted an empirical test of decision fatigue using large-scale, high-resolution data on healthcare professionals’ medical judgments at a national telephone triage and medical advice service. This is a suitable setting for testing decision fatigue because the work is both hard and repetitive, yet qualified, and the variation in scheduling produced a setting where level of fatigue could be regarded as near random for some segments of the data. We hypothesized increased use of heuristics, more specifically convergence toward personal defaults in case judgments, and higher assigned urgency ratings with fatigue. We tested these hypotheses using one-sided Bayes Factors computed from underlying Bayesian generalized mixed models with random intercepts. The results consistently showed relative support for the statistical null hypothesis of no difference in decision-making depending on fatigue (BF0+ > 22 for all main tests). We thus found no evidence for decision fatigue. Whereas these results don’t preclude the existence of a weaker or more nuanced version of decision fatigue or more context-specific effects, they cast serious doubt on the empirical relevance of decision fatigue as a domain general effect for sequential decisions in healthcare and elsewhere.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
07 Gruppen, 2025
National Category
Economics Psychology (Excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212864 (URN)10.1038/s44271-025-00207-8 (DOI)
Available from: 2025-04-07 Created: 2025-04-07 Last updated: 2025-05-21
Vlasceanu, M., Doell, K. C., Bak-Coleman, J. B., Todorova, B., Berkebile-Weinberg, M. M., Grayson, S. J., . . . Tinghög, G. (2024). Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries. Science Advances, 10(6)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries
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2024 (English)In: Science Advances, E-ISSN 2375-2548, Vol. 10, no 6Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2024
National Category
Economics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-201090 (URN)10.1126/sciadv.adj5778 (DOI)001190871400011 ()38324680 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85184670116 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Google Jigsaw grant; Swiss National Science Foundation [P400PS_190997]; Dutch Research Council [7934]; John Templeton Foundation [61378]; National council for Scientific and technological development grant; Swiss Federal Office of energy through the energy, economy, and Society program; Christ church college Research centre grant [Si/502093- 01]; National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF- 2020S1A3A2A02097375]; Kieskompas-election compass; National Agency of Research and Development; National Doctoral Scholarship [24210087]; Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) [Vi.Veni.201S.075]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [453- 15- 005]; Foundation for Science and technology-Fct (Portuguese Ministry of Science, technology and higher education) [UidB/05380/2020]; Slovak Research and development Agency (APVV) [APVV- 21- 0114]; James Mcdonnell Foundation; Swedish Research council [2018- 01755]; Russian Federation Government [075- 15- 2021- 611]

Available from: 2024-02-20 Created: 2024-02-20 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Barrafrem, K., Tinghög, G. & Västfjäll, D. (2024). Behavioral and contextual determinants of different stages of saving behavior. Frontiers in Behavioral Economics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Behavioral and contextual determinants of different stages of saving behavior
2024 (English)In: Frontiers in Behavioral Economics, E-ISSN 2813-5296Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Introduction: Saving is a journey, beginning with the critical decision to initiate the process, take that pivotal first deposit step, and persistently commit to ongoing savings. However, a lot of saving plans fail already before any deposit is made, and even if the first deposit is made, long-run success of savings is far from guaranteed. In this study, we investigate both individual and saving-goal-specific determinants of successful savings.

Method: We use real-life savings data (N = 2,619 saving goals of 808 individuals) from a FinTech company in Sweden that helps individuals save for their goals. In addition, we collect a wide range of individual characteristics related to financial behavior: individuals' objective and subjective financial knowledge, self-control, and information avoidance.

Results and discussion: Our analysis uncovered distinctive patterns at different stages of the saving process. While objective financial knowledge didn't correlate with how much one saves, it was significantly related to the likelihood of making the first deposit. Furthermore, individuals with high self-control exhibited greater savings, though self-control was not related to the initiation of saving. Interestingly, subjective financial literacy and information avoidance showed no significant association with overall savings behavior. Additionally, our study indicated that the attainability of goals plays a crucial role in depositing funds, with more achievable goals having higher deposit likelihoods. Conversely, ambitious goals, despite their challenging nature, tended to attract more substantial savings. Our findings, grounded in real-life data, provide valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms influencing successful saving behaviors, shedding light on the complexities of financial decision-making and goal pursuit.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2024
National Category
Economics and Business Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-203208 (URN)10.3389/frbhe.2024.1381080 (DOI)
Available from: 2024-05-03 Created: 2024-05-03 Last updated: 2025-03-31Bibliographically approved
Lindkvist, A. M., Koppel, L. & Tinghög, G. (2024). Bounded research ethicality: researchers rate themselves and their field as better than others at following good research practice. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article ID 3050.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bounded research ethicality: researchers rate themselves and their field as better than others at following good research practice
2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 3050Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bounded ethicality refers to people’s limited capacity to consistently behave in line with their ethical standards. Here, we present results from a pre-registered, large-scale (N = 11,050) survey of researchers in Sweden, suggesting that researchers too are boundedly ethical. Specifically, researchers on average rated themselves as better than other researchers in their field at following good research practice, and rated researchers in their own field as better than researchers in other fields at following good research practice. These effects were stable across all academic fields, but strongest among researchers in the medical sciences. Taken together, our findings illustrate inflated self-righteous beliefs among researchers and research disciplines when it comes to research ethics, which may contribute to academic polarization and moral blindspots regarding one’s own and one’s colleagues’ use of questionable research practices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2024
National Category
Economics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-201088 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-53450-0 (DOI)001158746700014 ()38321164 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85184418218 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research CouncilLinköpings universitet
Note

Funding Agencies|Vetenskapsrdet

Available from: 2024-02-20 Created: 2024-02-20 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
Strømland, E., Koppel, L., Johannesson, M. & Tinghög, G. (2024). Confusion remains an important issue in public goods game experiments [Letter to the editor]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(32), Article ID e2411093121.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Confusion remains an important issue in public goods game experiments
2024 (English)In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 121, no 32, article id e2411093121Article in journal, Letter (Other academic) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Washington, DC, United States: National Academy of Sciences, 2024
National Category
Economics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-206059 (URN)10.1073/pnas.2411093121 (DOI)001370118900006 ()39052849 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85200894750 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-07-30 Created: 2024-07-30 Last updated: 2025-04-10Bibliographically approved
Gråd, E., Erlandsson, A. & Tinghög, G. (2024). Do nudges crowd out prosocial behavior?. Behavioural Public Policy, 8, 107-120
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Do nudges crowd out prosocial behavior?
2024 (English)In: Behavioural Public Policy, ISSN 2398-063X, Vol. 8, p. 107-120Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Both theory on motivational crowding and recent empirical evidence suggest that nudging may sometimes backfire and actually crowd out prosocial behavior, due to decreased intrinsic motivation and warm glow. In this study, we tested this claim by investigating the effects of three types of nudges (default nudge, social norm nudge, and moral nudge) on donations to charity in a preregistered online experiment (N = 1098). Furthermore, we manipulated the transparency of the nudges across conditions by explicitly informing subjects of the nudges that were used. Our results show no indication that nudges crowd out prosocial behavior; instead, all three nudges increased donations. The positive effects of the nudges were driven by the subjects who did not perceive the nudges as attempts to manipulate their behavior, while donations among subjects who felt that the nudges were manipulative remained unaffected. Subjects’ self-reported happiness with their choice also remained unaffected. Thus, we find no indication that nudges crowded out warm glow when acting altruistically. Generally, our results are good news for the proponents of nudges in public policy, since they suggest that concerns about unintended motivational crowding effects on prosocial behavior have been overstated.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press, 2024
Keywords
Nudging, Pro-social behavior, crowd-out, experiment, donation, warm glow
National Category
Economics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-180155 (URN)10.1017/bpp.2021.10 (DOI)001128886100008 ()
Note

This work was supported by the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation (grant number: MMW 2014.0187) and the Swedish Research Council (grant number: 2018.01755).

Available from: 2021-10-08 Created: 2021-10-08 Last updated: 2025-04-17Bibliographically approved
Barrafrem, K., Västfjäll, D. & Tinghög, G. (2024). Financial Homo Ignorans: Development and validation of a scale to measure individual differences in financial information ignorance. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 42, Article ID 100936.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Financial Homo Ignorans: Development and validation of a scale to measure individual differences in financial information ignorance
2024 (English)In: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, ISSN 2214-6350, E-ISSN 2214-6369, Vol. 42, article id 100936Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Information ignorance refers to the act of deliberately avoiding, neglecting, or distorting information to uphold a positive self-image and protect our identity-based beliefs. We apply this framework to household finance and develop a concise 12-item questionnaire measuring individuals' receptiveness to financial information, or the lack thereof - the Financial Homo Ignorans (FHI) Scale. We conduct two studies with samples from the general population in Sweden (total N=2508) and show that the FHI scale has high reliability and distinct from other commonly used individual-difference measures in behavioral finance. We show that individual heterogeneity as assessed by the FHI scale explains a substantial variation in financial behaviors and financial well-being, also when controlling for demographics and financial literacy. These results unequivocally demonstrate the utility of the FHI scale as a valuable instrument for researchers and practitioners in comprehending and addressing the challenges posed by the omnipresence of financial information in today's world.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELSEVIER, 2024
Keywords
Ignorance; Information processing; Financial behavior; Financial well-being
National Category
Economics Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-203490 (URN)10.1016/j.jbef.2024.100936 (DOI)001290486200001 ()2-s2.0-85192175171 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation and Tore Browaldh Foundation
Note

Funding Agencies|Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation; Thule Foundation

Available from: 2024-05-15 Created: 2024-05-15 Last updated: 2025-04-05Bibliographically approved
Västfjäll, D., Asutay, E. & Tinghög, G. (2024). How Affective Science Can Inform Behavioral Public Policy. Affective Science, 5, 213-216
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How Affective Science Can Inform Behavioral Public Policy
2024 (English)In: Affective Science, ISSN 2662-2041, Vol. 5, p. 213-216Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this commentary, we expand on the special issue themes of applied affective science, ecologically valid data and application, and the need for transdisciplinary collaboration by discussing and exemplifying how affective science can inform behavioral public policy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPRINGERNATURE, 2024
Keywords
Affective paternalism; Affect; Behavioral public policy
National Category
Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-207009 (URN)10.1007/s42761-024-00264-y (DOI)001297775000002 ()2-s2.0-85202048035 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2023.0289Linköpings universitet
Note

Funding Agencies|Linkoping University; Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation [2023.0289]

Available from: 2024-08-27 Created: 2024-08-27 Last updated: 2025-04-18Bibliographically approved
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Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8159-1249

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