Open this publication in new window or tab >>Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine.
Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2025 (English)In: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0091-6749, E-ISSN 1097-6825, Vol. 155, no 2, p. 387-397.e6Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Background: It is thought that patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are more susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, but a quantification of this potential risk is largely missing.
Objective: We assessed the impact of COVID-19 on patients with IEI.
Methods: A nationwide cohort study was performed to estimate the relative risk (RR) for hospitalization, intensive care, and death within 30 days after a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result in an IEI population (n = 2392) compared to the general population (n = 8,270,705) using data from Swedish national registries. Three time periods were studied: the prevaccination period, and the Alpha/Delta and Omicron periods. Adjustment was made for demographics, income, comorbidities, and vaccination status.
Results: During the prevaccination period, 25.2% of the IEI population was hospitalized, compared to 17.5% and 5.2% during the Alpha/Delta and Omicron periods, respectively. For the 3 time periods, the adjusted RR [95% confidence interval] for hospitalization in the IEI population compared to the general population was 3.1 [2.1-4.2], 3.5 [2.4-4.8], and 4.3 [2.5-6.7], respectively. The respective values for intensive care after COVID-19 were 5.6 [2.6-10.8], 4.7 [1.7-10.1], and 4.7 [1.7-10.1] for the 3 periods. Five patients (0.6%) in the IEI population died within 30 days of a positive PCR test result compared to 18,773 (0.2%) in the general population during the 3 study periods.
Conclusion: Patients with IEI had a 3 to 4 times higher risk for hospitalization and a 5 times higher risk for intensive care during COVID-19 compared to the general population.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2025
Keywords
COVID-19; Inborn errors of immunity; cohort study; hospitalization; intensive care; population controls
National Category
Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-211248 (URN)10.1016/j.jaci.2024.10.013 (DOI)001423017800001 ()39447887 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85209149506 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Note
Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [2021-04779]
2025-01-292025-01-292025-05-14