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Publications (10 of 139) Show all publications
Martinez, J. G., Backe, C., Persson, N.-K. & Jager, E. (2023). Optimisation of EAP based tape yarns. In: : . Paper presented at EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optimisation of EAP based tape yarns
2023 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200616 (URN)
Conference
EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers
Available from: 2024-02-01 Created: 2024-02-01 Last updated: 2024-02-16Bibliographically approved
Ganesan, M., Mehraeen, S., Martinez, J. G., Persson, N.-K. & Jager, E. (2023). Rapid responsive behaviour of electro-chemically driven coiled yarn actuators. In: : . Paper presented at EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rapid responsive behaviour of electro-chemically driven coiled yarn actuators
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2023 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200615 (URN)
Conference
EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers
Available from: 2024-02-01 Created: 2024-02-01 Last updated: 2024-02-16Bibliographically approved
Backe, C., Martinez, J. G., Guo, L., Persson, N.-K. & Jager, E. (2023). Serially connected EAP based tape yarns for in-air actuation using textile structures. In: : . Paper presented at EuroEAP 2023 - 11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Serially connected EAP based tape yarns for in-air actuation using textile structures
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2023 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200614 (URN)
Conference
EuroEAP 2023 - 11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers
Available from: 2024-02-01 Created: 2024-02-01 Last updated: 2024-02-01
Amaia Beatriz, O.-S., Martinez, J. G. & Jager, E. (2023). The effect of enzyme immobilization methods in polypyrrole-based soft actuators driven by glucose and O2. In: : . Paper presented at EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effect of enzyme immobilization methods in polypyrrole-based soft actuators driven by glucose and O2
2023 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials Physical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200612 (URN)
Conference
EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers
Available from: 2024-02-01 Created: 2024-02-01 Last updated: 2024-02-16Bibliographically approved
Cao, D., Martinez, J. G., Hara, E. S. & Jager, E. (2023). Variable Stiffness Actuators with Covalently Attached Nanofragments that Induce Mineralization. Advanced Materials Technologies, 8(8), Article ID 2201651.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Variable Stiffness Actuators with Covalently Attached Nanofragments that Induce Mineralization
2023 (English)In: Advanced Materials Technologies, E-ISSN 2365-709X, Vol. 8, no 8, article id 2201651Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Soft robotics has attracted great attention owing to their immense potential especially in human-robot interfaces. However, the compliant property of soft robotics alone, without stiff elements, restricts their applications under load-bearing conditions. Here, biohybrid soft actuators, that create their own bone-like rigid layer and thus alter their stiffness from soft to hard, are designed. Fabrication of the actuators is based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with an Au film to make a soft substrate onto which polypyrrole (PPy) doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonic-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSA) is electropolymerized. The PDMS/Au/PPy(PSA) actuator is then functionalized, chemically and physically, with plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) that induce bone formation within 3 days, without using cells. The resulting stiffness change decreased the actuator displacement; yet a thin stiff layer couldnot completely stop the actuators movement, while a relatively thick segment could, but resulted in partial delamination the actuator. To overcome the delamination, an additional rough Au layer was electroplated to improve the adhesion of the PPy onto the substrate. Finally, an alginate gel functionalized with PMNFs was used to create a thicker mineral layer mimicking the collagen-apatite bone structure, which completely suppressed the actuator movement without causing any structural damage.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY, 2023
Keywords
actuators; bone; mineralization; plasma membrane nanofragments; polypyrrole; soft actuators; variable stiffness
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-191841 (URN)10.1002/admt.202201651 (DOI)000921401200001 ()
Note

Funding Agencies|Japanese Society of the Promotion of Science, JSPS [BR170502]; KAKENHI [JP20H04534]; Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST; Swedish Research Council [F17603]; Promobilia Foundation [201808330454]; China Scholarship Council [JPJSBP 120209923]; JSPS [MG2019-8171]; STINT; Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education [JPMJFR210X]; [VR2014-3079]

Available from: 2023-02-21 Created: 2023-02-21 Last updated: 2024-02-29Bibliographically approved
Mehraeen, S., Asadi, M., Martinez, J. G., Persson, N.-K., Stålhand, J. & Jager, E. (2023). Yarn actuators powered by electroactive polymers for wearables. In: : . Paper presented at EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Yarn actuators powered by electroactive polymers for wearables
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2023 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200617 (URN)
Conference
EuroEAP 2023,11th international conference on soft transducers and electromechanically active polymers
Available from: 2024-02-01 Created: 2024-02-01 Last updated: 2024-02-16
Cao, D., Martinez, J. G., Hara, E. S. & Jager, E. (2022). Biohybrid Variable-Stiffness Soft Actuators that Self-Create Bone. In: International conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer(EAP) transducers & artificial muscles, Tuscany, June 7-9, 2022: . Paper presented at EUROEAP 2022, Tuscany, Italy, June 7-9, 2022. EuroEAP 2022, Article ID 1.3.7.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Biohybrid Variable-Stiffness Soft Actuators that Self-Create Bone
2022 (English)In: International conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer(EAP) transducers & artificial muscles, Tuscany, June 7-9, 2022, EuroEAP 2022 , 2022, article id 1.3.7Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [en]

We herein describe the fabrication, optimisation and characterisation of a biohybrid variable stiffness actuator that creates its own bone. By combining the electroresponsive properties of polypyrrole (PPy) with the compliant response of alginate gels functionalised with cell-derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) it was possible to obtain bio-induced variable stiffness actuators. When the PMNFs were incubated into MEM, i.e. exposure to Ca, this caused the formation of calcium-phosphate minerals (i.e. amorphous calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) in the alginate gel, resulting in a more rigid layer and thus reducing and finally impeding the movement of the actuator, locking it in a fixed position within only 2 days. These actuators could morph in various, pre-programmed shapes and change their properties from soft to rigid. Adding different patterns to the actuator allowed locking the device in a predetermined shape without energy consumption, facilitating its application as soft-to-hard robotics as a biohybrid variant of so-called 4D manufacturing. The devices could wrap around and integrate into bone by the induced mineralisation in and on the gel layer. This illustrates its use as a potential tool to repair bone or in bone tissue engineering. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
EuroEAP 2022, 2022
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187835 (URN)
Conference
EUROEAP 2022, Tuscany, Italy, June 7-9, 2022
Available from: 2022-08-26 Created: 2022-08-26 Last updated: 2022-09-05Bibliographically approved
Cao, D., Martinez, J. G., Hara, E. S. & Jager, E. (2022). Biohybrid Variable-Stiffness Soft Actuators that Self-Create Bone. Advanced Materials, 34(8), Article ID 2107345.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Biohybrid Variable-Stiffness Soft Actuators that Self-Create Bone
2022 (English)In: Advanced Materials, ISSN 0935-9648, E-ISSN 1521-4095, Vol. 34, no 8, article id 2107345Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Inspired by the dynamic process of initial bone development, in which a soft tissue turns into a solid load-bearing structure, the fabrication, optimization, and characterization of bioinduced variable-stiffness actuators that can morph in various shapes and change their properties from soft to rigid are hereby presented. Bilayer devices are prepared by combining the electromechanically active properties of polypyrrole with the compliant behavior of alginate gels that are uniquely functionalized with cell-derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs), previously shown to mineralize within 2 days, which promotes the mineralization in the gel layer to achieve the soft to stiff change by growing their own bone. The mineralized actuator shows an evident frozen state compared to the movement before mineralization. Next, patterned devices show programmed directional and fixated morphing. These variable-stiffness devices can wrap around and, after the PMNF-induced mineralization in and on the gel layer, adhere and integrate onto bone tissue. The developed biohybrid variable-stiffness actuators can be used in soft (micro-)robotics and as potential tools for bone repair or bone tissue engineering.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2022
Keywords
actuators, biohybrids, mineralization, variable stiffness
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-182493 (URN)10.1002/adma.202107345 (DOI)000743102000001 ()34877728 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85122837081 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies: Japanese Society of the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Bridge Fellowship program [BR170502]; KAKENHI Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [JP20H04534]; Swedish Research Council European Commission [VR2014-3079]; Promobilia [F17603]; China Scholarship Council [201808330454]; JSPS Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JPJSBP 120 209 923]; STINT, The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education [MG2019-8171]

Available from: 2022-01-26 Created: 2022-01-26 Last updated: 2023-03-16Bibliographically approved
Martinez, J. G., Backe, C., Persson, N.-K. & Jager, E. (2022). EAP based actuators to be woven. In: EuroEAP 2022: 10th international conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer (EAP) transducers & artificial muscles. Paper presented at EuroEAP 2022, 10th international conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer (EAP) transducers & artificial muscles, Chianciano Terme, Tuscany, Italy 7-9 June, 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>EAP based actuators to be woven
2022 (English)In: EuroEAP 2022: 10th international conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer (EAP) transducers & artificial muscles, 2022Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The development of actuating wearable textiles is of great interest in fields as 30haptics or assistive devices. Electroactive conducting polymer-based actuatorsare being merged with yarns and fabrics to provide them with mechanicalactuation. One way to speed up the development of such mechanically activewearable textiles is the development of conducting polymer-based actuators thatcan be incorporated into textile processing. This imposes extra requirements tothe actuators such as the required size, improved mechanical andelectrochemical stability, actuation in air or the use of low/non-hazardousmaterials. Tape yarn actuators composed of conducting polymer/ionicallyconducting layer/conducting polymer are being developed and optimized to thataim. The latest developments on integrating such EAP tape yarns in wovenfabrics will be presented.

National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187817 (URN)
Conference
EuroEAP 2022, 10th international conference on Electromechanically Active Polymer (EAP) transducers & artificial muscles, Chianciano Terme, Tuscany, Italy 7-9 June, 2022
Available from: 2022-08-25 Created: 2022-08-25 Last updated: 2022-09-02Bibliographically approved
Amaia Beatriz, O.-S., Martinez, J. G. & Jager, E. (2022). Enzymatic biofuel cells embedded polymer-based soft actuators. In: : . Paper presented at 242nd ECS Meeting, Atlanta, 9-13 October, 2022..
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enzymatic biofuel cells embedded polymer-based soft actuators
2022 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Enzymatic biofuel cells are presented as an untethered alternative energy source that could power small implantable or wearable medical devices. However, most of these catalytic processes do not provide with enough energy to power common small electronic-mechanical devices. On the other hand, conducting polymer-based actuators are of great interest for their biocompatibility, flexibility, processability, possibility to be miniaturized and low power consumption. So far, these artificial muscles have been driven by external power sources that prevent them for being completely autonomous. There is a need for a novel power source to elaborate actuators that could use physiological processes as a driving force. These soft actuators’ low power consumption matches the electrical power generated by the biocatalysis of some enzymes, such as glucose oxidase and laccase in presence of glucose and oxygen in aqueous media. Here, we present the latest results in the development of polypyrrole-based soft actuators powered by enzymatic biofuel cells. The actuator consists of a tri-layer conductive substrate on which the polypyrrole is electrodeposited in both sides. The polypyrrole layers act as the active part, expanding and contracting upon a redox reaction, resulting in a bending movement. Tetrathiofulvlene-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) and 2,2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) electron transfer mediators are cast on the surface of the polypyrrole to help the electron transmission. The glucose oxidase and laccase enzymes are immobilized in the modified-conducting polymer surface, integrating the electrode to the actuator. The bio-catalysis of enzymes in presence of glucose and oxygen in aqueous solution provides the actuator with the electrons needed for the redox reaction, converting the chemical energy into mechanical energy, i.e., movement. The glucose-self-powered soft actuator may contribute to the development of more complex implantable, ingestible, or wearable biomedical devices such as cardio-stimulators, insulin pumps, or muscle implants.

National Category
Physical Chemistry Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200604 (URN)
Conference
242nd ECS Meeting, Atlanta, 9-13 October, 2022.
Available from: 2024-02-01 Created: 2024-02-01 Last updated: 2024-02-16Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-2071-7768

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