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Persson, Nils-Krister
Publications (10 of 18) Show all publications
Escobar Teran, F., Martinez, J. G., Persson, N.-K. & Jager, E. (2020). Enhancing the Conductivity of the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(styrenesulfonate) Coating and Its Effect on the Performance of Yarn Actuators. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2(5), Article ID 1900184.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing the Conductivity of the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(styrenesulfonate) Coating and Its Effect on the Performance of Yarn Actuators
2020 (English)In: Advanced Intelligent Systems, ISSN 2640-4567, Vol. 2, no 5, article id 1900184Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nonconductive commercial viscose yarns have been coated with a commercial conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer providing electrical conductivity which allowed a second coating of the electroactive conducting polymer polypyrrole through electropolymerization to develop textile yarns actuators. To simplify the PEDOT coating process and at the same time make this process more suitable for application in industry, a new coating method is developed and the properties of the PEDOT-PSS conducting layer is optimized, paying attention on its effect on the actuation performance. The effect of the concentration of an additive such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on actuation, and of PEDOT:PSS layers, is investigated. Results show that on improving this conducting layer, better performance than previously developed yarn-actuators is obtained, with strains up to 0.6%. This study provides a simple and efficient fabrication method toward soft, textile-based actuators for wearables and assistive devices with improved features.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-Blackwell, 2020
Keywords
actuators, conducting polymers, electromechanical strains, poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), polypyrrole, textiles, yarns
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179273 (URN)10.1002/aisy.201900184 (DOI)000669764900009 ()
Note

Funding agencies: The authors acknowledge the Erling-Persson Family Foundation,Promobilia Foundation (F17603), Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation program under grant agreement no. 825232 “WEAFING”for their nancial support. E.W.H.J. acknowledges nancial support fromthe Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science onFunctional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiUNo. 2009 00971). F.E-T. acknowledges Universidad Tecnica de Ambato(UTA-FCIAL-UODIDE-2018-0047-M) for the financial support.

Available from: 2021-09-15 Created: 2021-09-15 Last updated: 2021-12-23Bibliographically approved
Martinez, J. G., Mehraeen, S., Escobar, F., Aziz, S., Milad, M. A., Persson, N.-K. & Jager, E. (2019). Woven and knitted artificial muscles for wearable devices. In: : . Paper presented at Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Woven and knitted artificial muscles for wearable devices
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2019 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Diseases of the nervous system, traumas, or natural causes can reduce human muscle capacity. Robotic exoskeletons are forthcoming to support the movement of body parts, e.g. assist walking or aid rehabilitation. Current available devices are rigid and driven by electric motors or pneumatic actuators, making them noisy, heavy, stiff and noncompliant. We are developing textile based assistive devices that can be worn like clothing being light, soft, compliant and comfortable. We have merged advanced textile technology with electroactive polymers. By knitting and weaving electroactive yarns, we are developing soft textile actuators ("Knitted Muscles") that can be used in wearable assistive devices. We will present the latest progress increase the performance and to rationalise the fabrication. In addition we will show some demonstrators of the textile exoskeletons.

National Category
Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160098 (URN)
Conference
Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XX
Available from: 2019-09-05 Created: 2019-09-05 Last updated: 2020-09-04Bibliographically approved
Campoy-Quiles, M., Nelson, J., Etchegoin, P., Bradley, D., Zhokhavets, V., Gobsch, G., . . . Bubeck, C. (2008). On the determination of anistropy in polymer thin films: A comparative study of optical techniques. Paper presented at 4th International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE4), Stockholm, Sweden, 11–15 June 2007. Physica Status Solidi. C: Current Topics in Solid State Physics, 5(5), 1270-1273
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the determination of anistropy in polymer thin films: A comparative study of optical techniques
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2008 (English)In: Physica Status Solidi. C: Current Topics in Solid State Physics, ISSN 1862-6351, Vol. 5, no 5, p. 1270-1273Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We have used seven different techniques to measure the anisotropic refractive index of poly(vinylcarbazole) films. These techniques are: two types of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) with multiple sample analysis, Interference enhanced VASE, Transmittance combined with VASE, Polarised Reflectance, beta-scan VASE, and prism coupling. We have found the average ordinary and extraordinary indices at 633 nm to be no = nTE = 1.675 ± 0.008, and ne = nTM = 1.722 ± 0.018, respectively, consistent amongst methods and conclusive on the magnitude of Δn in polymer films.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 2008
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-42722 (URN)10.1002/pssc.200777835 (DOI)000256862500065 ()68428 (Local ID)68428 (Archive number)68428 (OAI)
Conference
4th International Conference on Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (ICSE4), Stockholm, Sweden, 11–15 June 2007
Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2014-04-02Bibliographically approved
Persson, N.-K., Wang, X. & Inganäs, O. (2007). Optical limitations in thin-film low-band-gap polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction devices. Applied Physics Letters, 91(8), 083503
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optical limitations in thin-film low-band-gap polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction devices
2007 (English)In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 91, no 8, p. 083503-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Photovoltaic devices from the low-band-gap alternating copolymer APFO-Green1, blended with the fullerene derivative BTPF70 as electron acceptor, show a pronounced variation of the external quantum efficiency with varying thickness. Device simulation, based on ellipsometric characterization, reveals that this behavior is to be expected and valid also for most low-band-gap polymers and that it can be explained by optical interference. Requirements for materials suitable for wide spectral coverage in thin-film organic solar cells are delineated. Furthermore, the internal quantum efficiency is calculated to be ≈ 0.4.

National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-39410 (URN)10.1063/1.2736280 (DOI)48250 (Local ID)48250 (Archive number)48250 (OAI)
Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2018-10-08
Tvingstedt, K., Rahachou, A., Persson, N.-K., Zozoulenko, I. V. & Inganäs, O. (2007). Surface plasmon increased absorption in polymer photovoltaic cells. Applied Physics Letters, 91(11), 113514 -
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Surface plasmon increased absorption in polymer photovoltaic cells
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2007 (English)In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 91, no 11, p. 113514 -Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The authors demonstrate the triggering of surface plasmons at the interface of a metal grating and a photovoltaic bulk heterojunction blend of alternating polyfluorenes and a fullerene derivative. An increased absorption originating from surface plasmon resonances is confirmed by experimental reflection studies and theoretical modeling. Plasmonic resonances are further confirmed to influence the extracted photocurrent from devices. More current is generated at the wavelength position of the plasmon resonance peak. High conductivity polymer electrodes are used to build inverted sandwich structures with top anode and bottom metal grating, facilitating for triggering and characterization of the surface plasmon effects.

National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14621 (URN)10.1063/1.2782910 (DOI)
Available from: 2007-08-30 Created: 2007-08-30 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
Persson, N.-K. & Inganäs, O. (2006). Organic tandem solar cells - modelling and predictions. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 90(20), 3491-3507
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Organic tandem solar cells - modelling and predictions
2006 (English)In: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, ISSN 0927-0248, E-ISSN 1879-3398, Vol. 90, no 20, p. 3491-3507Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Tandem combinations of organic photovoltaic devices are studied from an optical point of view. We unify coherent (wave-based) as well as incoherent (irradiance-based) light addition in our treatment of the incoming and reflected electromagnetic waves, and calculate the spatially resolved absorption profile in the cells. The model allows for any number and any order of thin and thick layers to be analysed. Irradiation is monochromatic or polychromatic, AM 1.5 or AM 1.0, and therefore applicable for solar cell simulation. The optical modelling is unified with electrical models of charge generation and transport in the solar cells. Through this, de-coupling of optical and electrical processes is possible. Moreover, the model allows identification of limiting processes in the devices. The model is applied to a tandem cell with copolymers of polyfluorene combined in bulk heterojunctions with fullerene acceptors, one device for high energy absorption and one for lower, where anodes and cathodes for the cells are semi-transparent metallic polymer layers. It is concluded that these materials do not at present have an electrical performance, which can be enhanced by the tandem cell combination.

National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-35453 (URN)10.1016/j.solmat.2006.05.009 (DOI)26905 (Local ID)26905 (Archive number)26905 (OAI)
Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2017-12-13
Wang, X., Perzon, E., Mammo, W., Oswald, F., Admassie, S., Persson, N.-K., . . . Inganäs, O. (2006). Polymer solar cells with low-bandgap polymers blended with C70-derivative give photocurrent at 1 μm. Thin Solid Films, 511-512, 576-580
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Polymer solar cells with low-bandgap polymers blended with C70-derivative give photocurrent at 1 μm
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2006 (English)In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, Vol. 511-512, p. 576-580Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A new series of low-bandgap alternating polyfluorenes with different donor–acceptor–donor moieties have been synthesized. Electrochemical and optical absorption measurement show that onset bandgaps of these polymers range from 1.2 to 1.5 eV. These polymers, blended with a C70-derivative as acceptor, are used for solar cell fabrication. Devices show promising photovoltaic properties, and the spectral response of photocurrent covers all visible and near-infrared wavelength regions with its onset extended to 1 μm. The best data gives a photocurrent density of 3.4 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 0.58 V and power conversion efficiency of 0.7% under illumination of AM1.5 (1000 W/m2) from a solar simulator.

Keywords
Low-bandgap; Polyfluorene; Fullerene C70-derivative; Solar cell
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-13890 (URN)10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.013 (DOI)
Available from: 2006-07-07 Created: 2006-07-07 Last updated: 2018-10-08
Inganäs, O., Zhang, F., Wang, X., Gadisa, A., Persson, N.-K., Svensson, M., . . . Andersson, M. (2005). Alternating fluorene copolymer/fullerene blend solar cells (1ed.). In: Sam-Shajing Sun, Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci (Ed.), Organic Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials and Devices (pp. 387-402). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Alternating fluorene copolymer/fullerene blend solar cells
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2005 (English)In: Organic Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials and Devices / [ed] Sam-Shajing Sun, Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press , 2005, 1, p. 387-402Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Recently developed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) show distinct advantages over their inorganic counterparts due to their lighter weight, flexible shape, versatile materials synthesis and device fabrication schemes, and low cost in large-scale industrial production. Although many books currently exist on general concepts of PV and inorganic PV materials and devices, few are available that offer a comprehensive overview of recently fast developing organic and polymeric PV materials and devices.

Organic Photovoltaics: Mechanisms, Materials, and Devicesfills this gap. The book provides an international perspective on the latest research in this rapidly expanding field with contributions from top experts around the world.  It presents a unified approach comprising three sections: General Overviews; Mechanisms and Modeling; and Materials and Devices. Discussions include sunlight capture, exciton diffusion and dissociation, interface properties, charge recombination and migration, and a variety of currently developing OPV materials/devices. The book also includes two forewords: one by Nobel Laureate Dr. Alan J. Heeger, and the other by Drs. Aloysius Hepp and Sheila Bailey of NASA Glenn Research Center.

Organic Photovoltaics equips students, researchers, and engineers with knowledge of the mechanisms, materials, devices, and applications of OPVs necessary to develop cheaper, lighter, and cleaner renewable energy throughout the coming decades.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2005 Edition: 1
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-28821 (URN)14011 (Local ID)0-8247-5963-X (ISBN)978-0-82475-963-6 (ISBN)14011 (Archive number)14011 (OAI)
Available from: 2009-10-09 Created: 2009-10-09 Last updated: 2018-10-08Bibliographically approved
Björk, P., Persson, N.-K., Nilsson, P., Åsberg, P. & Inganäs, O. (2005). Dynamics of complex formation between biological and luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes - a surface plasmon resonance study. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 20(9), 1764-1771
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamics of complex formation between biological and luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes - a surface plasmon resonance study
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2005 (English)In: Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ISSN 0956-5663, Vol. 20, no 9, p. 1764-1771Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A water-soluble polythiophene, POWT, with zwitterionic peptide like side chains possess good characteristics for biosensor applications. The zwitterionic side chains of the polymer can couple to biomolecules via electrostatic and hydrogen bonding. This creates possibilities to imprint biomolecules to spin-coated polymer films with maintained functionality, and use the resulting matrix as a biosensor. Polymer-biomolecular interaction studies done with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal a well performing sensor matrix with high affinity for DNA hybridizations as well as for protein detection. The responses are distinct and very specific. A directional dependence of antibodies binding to POWT layer has also been observed. The polymer films have also been characterized by optical methods. Emission and absorption measurements in different buffer systems confirm that the polymer matrix can undergo structural and conformational changes on surfaces. The dielectric function in the interval 300–800 nm of POWT is reported, based on variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. This modeling reveals that a considerable amount of water is included in the material. The polymer layer possesses the characteristics needed for biochip applications and micro array techniques.

Keywords
DNA; Protein; SPR; Sensor; Conjugated polymer; Ellipsometry
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12725 (URN)10.1016/j.bios.2004.07.001 (DOI)
Available from: 2007-12-07 Created: 2007-12-07 Last updated: 2014-04-08
Persson, N.-K. (2005). Optical modelling of conjugated polymers: from materials to devices. (Doctoral dissertation). Linköping: Linköpings universitet
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optical modelling of conjugated polymers: from materials to devices
2005 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Measurements and modelling of theoretical properties of polymer-based photovoltaic devices, PPVDs, are the subjects of this thesis. Modelling refers both to modelling of materials, based on extraction of the dielectric function, and to modelling of devices by computer simulation of the optical electrical field inside PPVDs. PPVDs include polymer-based solar cells, a promising technology for energy generation and the theme for the this thesis.

The conjugated polymers studied here arc built from fluorencs, PF, or thiophenes, PT, and combinations thereof in the form of different derivatives and copolymers, such as DAD blocks with alternating donor, acceptor, donor moieties. The latter are referred to as low-band gap materials and have absorption spectra that match the solar spectrum better than earlier generations of polymers.

PPVDs operate according to the principle of transforming incoming photons to useful current: i.e. there is an optical side and an electrical side to the performance of PPVDs.

This work is an effort taking a holistic perspective of the optical side and shows that simulation can save both materials and labour.

It is demonstrated that variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, SE, is a valuable tool for the characterisation of the optical linear response of this kind of materials. Using SE, the fully complex-valued index of refraction for wavelengths spanning from ultraviolet to infrared has been determined for a number of pure conjugated polymers as well as blends with polymer and acceptor-acting fullerenes. SE was also used for morphological studies, such as confirming spin-introduced uniaxiality - more pronounced for longer pure chains, somewhat suppressed for blends with fullerenes - and it was shown that traditional: effective mean field approximations fail in composing the material from its constituents indicating a more complicated morphology than expected. Methodological developments include a "sneaking method" suitable for band gap materials by which no assumptions about an underlying parameterisation are necessary. Another development is the introduction of quantum chemistry as a valuable tool for ellipsometric modelling. The position and relative magnitude of Lorentz peaks can be predicted and hence the dielectric function of the studied low-band gap DAD copolymer can be reconstructed.

A tool for calculating the optical electrical field in these sandwich-like structures has been developed which includes polychromatic, solar-light distributed irradiation, and fully account for reflection and transmission at all interior interfaces, giving rise to interference not obeying the often assumed Beer-Lambert decay. The model enables calculation of spatially and wavelength resolved absorption profiles, of integrated absorbed energy, energy redistribution charts, upper estimates of quantum efficiencies, and the possibility of performing sensitivity analysis. The simulation also allows for optimisation by finding the set of layer thicknesses giving the highest absorption. The optical simulation has also been merged with electrical calculations in order both to give a more complete understanding of the device and also to de-couple the optical and electrical phenomena. The latter allows bottlenecks to be identified. For example, mobilities arc too low and have to be increased in coming generation of materials. In one study the coherent situation is expanded to the more general including both coherent and incoherent light addition. From this, tandem structures have been analysed. This tool is also valuable for optics in general.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköpings universitet, 2005. p. 98
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 984
Keywords
Spectroscopic ellipsomctry, optical modelling, organic solar cell, conjugated polymer, polyfluorene, polythiophene, copolymer, fullerene blend, photovoltaic device, dielectric function
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-30216 (URN)15711 (Local ID)91-85457-62-0 (ISBN)15711 (Archive number)15711 (OAI)
Public defence
2005-11-11, Planck, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Available from: 2009-10-09 Created: 2009-10-09 Last updated: 2012-11-22
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