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Johansson, Björn, Professor, PhDORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8701-8689
Alternative names
Publications (10 of 64) Show all publications
Björnqvist, A., Jonson, C.-O., Prytz, E., Johansson, B. J. E. & Berggren, P. (2025). Assessing the impact of evaluations of crisis management efforts. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 118, Article ID 105226.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing the impact of evaluations of crisis management efforts
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2025 (English)In: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, E-ISSN 2212-4209, Vol. 118, article id 105226Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To support learning, evaluations of crisis management efforts must be effective and lead to actionable recommendations that are implemented. However, little is known regarding what approaches are currently employed to evaluate crisis management efforts, the degree of implementation of recommendations, or if certain approaches are associated with a higher degree of implementation. This study explored these areas by analysing 24 evaluation reports from a Swedish regional public healthcare organisation and examining the implementation status of the presented recommendations.

The analysis of the evaluation reports showed that evaluations can be improved in terms of methodology and presentation, for example, by providing arguments for methodological choices and more clearly stating the purpose of evaluations.

A focus group categorised all 202 recommendations from the analysed evaluation reports to assess their implementation. The results showed that 28 % of the recommendations had been implemented with a clear connection to a specific evaluation, while 45 % were implemented with an unclear connection. Only 12 % were categorised as unimplemented, and 15 % were categorised as unknown. This suggests that evaluations of crisis management efforts have an impact. However, questions regarding their direct impact remain, given that most recommendations were categorised as implemented with unclear connections to specific evaluations.

Combining the results from the analysis of the evaluation reports with the categorisations by the focus group showed that including stakeholders in evaluations and providing arguments for why recommendations should be implemented can increase the direct impact of evaluations of crisis management efforts.

Keywords
Evaluation, Approaches, Implementation, Impact, Crisis management, Recommendations
National Category
Peace and Conflict Studies Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Disaster Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-211259 (URN)10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105226 (DOI)001410543500001 ()2-s2.0-85215852536 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Region Östergötland
Note

Funding Agencies|Region Ostergotland's civil preparedness unit

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-05-14
Johansson, B. & Lundberg, J. (2025). No robot is an island - what properties should an autonomous system have in order to be resilient?. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 26(2), 197-216
Open this publication in new window or tab >>No robot is an island - what properties should an autonomous system have in order to be resilient?
2025 (English)In: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, ISSN 1463-922X, E-ISSN 1464-536X, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 197-216Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Autonomous systems are inherently designed to be self-sufficient onlyunder particular circumstances, for specific activities. the environmentneeds to be tailored to align with these design boundaries, ensuringthat technical systems operate as intended. this paper proposes thatinsights from resilience engineering can enhance the self-sufficiency ofso-called autonomous systems, consequently bolstering their adaptivecapacity in unforeseen or unpredicted scenarios. two cases of autono-mous systems are examined to illustrate how this enhancement can beachieved. the conclusion drawn is that the resilience envelope of a sys-tem can be augmented by enabling the system to adapt to multipledesign cases, by defining and prioritizing the core values of the system,and by designing the system to possess a framework for situationsrather than being confined to a singular situational frame. the implica-tions for the design of human-machine systems are also discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2025
Keywords
autonomous systems; automation; resilience; systemic resilience model; resource context
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-207605 (URN)10.1080/1463922x.2024.2401168 (DOI)001310035500001 ()
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Transport Administration
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Transport Administration, through the UTM CITY project; Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Available from: 2024-09-13 Created: 2024-09-13 Last updated: 2025-04-19
Hofstetter, E., Leifler, O., Johansson, B. & Berggren, P. (2024). Facilitating systems thinking in serious game design by highlighting inter-player relationships. In: ECCE '24: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2024: . Paper presented at ECCE 2024: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Paris, France, October 8 - 11, 2024. New York, NY, United States: ACM Digital Library, Article ID 23.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Facilitating systems thinking in serious game design by highlighting inter-player relationships
2024 (English)In: ECCE '24: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2024, New York, NY, United States: ACM Digital Library, 2024, article id 23Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper examines the affordances of a component in a seri-ous game, specifically how one material design choice affectedthe interactions and opportunities for agency and learning. Thegame examined is a megagame, a large-scale (20-100 participants)social learning environment combining board-gaming with role-playing. The megagame poses participants the challenge of creatinga sustainable society, and focuses on developing participants’ un-derstanding of how different stakeholders in a regional energysystem and society are interconnected. Negotiation over conflictinggoals was a primary activity in the game, and agreements wereformalized through paper contracts. Contracts were designed toact as boundary objects between player teams, and defined theirfinancial exchanges. This exploratory study finds evidence in theinteractions between participants that the paper contract systemfacilitated opportunities for participants to develop understandingabout the interdependencies between teams and resources, andto exert agency over their role in these relations. Players activelymaintained and prioritized the correspondence between copies ofcontracts as a means of regulating both the game’s economic sys-tem in the game and their mutual intersubjectivity. Overall, thestudy highlights the importance enabling participants to experiencehow joint actions cumulatively produce future consequences, andhow opportunities for agency and negotiation educate about theongoing global polycrises of energy, climate and social tension.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York, NY, United States: ACM Digital Library, 2024
Keywords
megagame, sustainability, systems thinking, game design, sense- making, ethnomethodology
National Category
Educational Sciences Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-208382 (URN)10.1145/3673805.3673810 (DOI)001337625800023 ()9798400718243 (ISBN)
Conference
ECCE 2024: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Paris, France, October 8 - 11, 2024
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 51869-1
Available from: 2024-10-10 Created: 2024-10-10 Last updated: 2024-12-04Bibliographically approved
Hammarbäck, J., Johansson, B. J. E., Alfredson, J. & Lundberg, J. (2024). Modelling situated intent for human-autonomy teaming: a human-centric approach. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 25(6), 731-752
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Modelling situated intent for human-autonomy teaming: a human-centric approach
2024 (English)In: Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, ISSN 1463-922X, E-ISSN 1464-536X, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 731-752Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

entering an era where humans and synthetic agents are supposed to collaborate and cooperate, adequate models of human intent are cru-cial for coordinated teamwork. Unfortunately, although there is a need for such models, the concept of intent is ambiguous and approaches to model intent from a human-centric perspective are scarce. Building upon theoretical and methodological foundations, this study aims to address these gaps by presenting a conceptualisation of intent along-side an approach. specifically, leveraging the six levels of cognitive control outlined in the Joint control Framework, a provisional model of human intent alongside a defined and operationalised concept is presented. Building on these foundations, a novel approach is pro-posed. Utilising seven scenario-based interviews, the value of these contributions is demonstrated through an example case in the context of Manned-Unmanned teaming. it is concluded that intent should be understood as a multi-faceted concept shaped by situated constraints, where intent is formed through a commitment to choices by context-sit-uation and means-end reasoning. it is also concluded that the approach is useful, particularly since it can glean insights from choices considered and committed, both being essential in the design of synthetic team-mates’ capability to adapt to their human partner’s agency.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2024
Keywords
ntent; model; cognitive work analysis; cognitive task analysis; human-autonomy teaming
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-202421 (URN)10.1080/1463922x.2024.2337683 (DOI)001200008100001 ()2-s2.0-85189911571 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Vinnova, 2017-04884, 2023-01191
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish Defence Material Administration; NFFP (National Aviation Research Programme) - VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems) [2017-04884, 2023-01191]; Swedish Armed Forces; Linkoping University

Available from: 2024-04-10 Created: 2024-04-10 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
Hammarbäck, J., Alfredson, J., Johansson, B. & Lundberg, J. (2024). My synthetic wingman must understand me: modelling intent for future manned–unmanned teaming. Cognition, Technology & Work, 26, 107-126
Open this publication in new window or tab >>My synthetic wingman must understand me: modelling intent for future manned–unmanned teaming
2024 (English)In: Cognition, Technology & Work, ISSN 1435-5558, E-ISSN 1435-5566, Vol. 26, p. 107-126Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

With advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cognitive modelling, unmanned aircraft are expected to actas human-like wingmen in the near future. For fluent and effective manned–unmanned teaming, synthetic wingmen must beable to account for and adapt to their partners’ intent with little or no communication. To enable such abilities, it becomescrucial to identify the requirements that makes intent explainable to synthetic wingmen, necessitating approaches to describeand analyse intent from a human-centric perspective. To address this issue, this paper reports on findings from using WorkDomain Analysis to design and analyse models of situated intent with six levels of cognitive control (frames, effects, values,generic, implementations, and physical). Through a literature review and seven subject matter expert interviews, a synthesizedmodel was designed to represent fighter pilots’ intent in a manned–unmanned teaming scenario. Using the synthesized modelas the context, a transfer of control and a link loss situation were further described and analysed. Experiences show that WorkDomain Analysis can provide a practical and applicable means to model situated intent, particularly since designed modelscan be re-utilised to model intent in similar situations. Furthermore, the model analyses show the importance of accountingfor fighter pilots’ adopted frames since small variations of the framing of the situations can propagate throughout the modelresulting in conflicting or inconsistent intent. The paper concludes that synthetic wingmen must be able to reason about all six levels of cognitive control, requiring a more holistic approach to make intent explainable.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2024
Keywords
Manned–unmanned teaming · Work domain analysis · Intent · Model
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-199405 (URN)10.1007/s10111-023-00745-3 (DOI)001110548100001 ()2-s2.0-85177815160 (Scopus ID)
Projects
The Swedish Defence Material Administration and NFFP (National Aviation Research Pro- gramme), which is funded by VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, 2017-04884,2017-04884,2017- 04884,2017-04884), the Swedish Armed Forces, and the Swedish Defence Material Administration.
Funder
Vinnova, 2017-04884Vinnova, 2017-04884Vinnova, 2017-04884Vinnova, 2017-04884Linköpings universitet
Note

Funding: VINNOVA; Swedish Defence Material Administration [2017-04884,2017-04884,2017-04884,2017-04884]; NFFP (National Aviation Research Programme) - VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems); Swedish Armed Forces

Available from: 2023-11-30 Created: 2023-11-30 Last updated: 2024-09-12Bibliographically approved
Berggren, P., Ryrberg, T., Lindhagen, A. & Johansson, B. (2023). Building capacity – conceptualizing Training of Trainers. In: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management: . Paper presented at Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management, Omaha, Nebraska, May 28-31. (pp. 701-710). Omaha, 20
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Building capacity – conceptualizing Training of Trainers
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the 20th conference on Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management, Omaha, 2023, Vol. 20, p. 701-710Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Many organizations train and educate their staff to prepare for crisis. One approach is train-the-trainer (ToT;Training of trainers) concept. It is based on the idea that someone can be trained as a trainer, who in turn traintheir colleagues. The philosophy resembles a pyramid scheme that allows for a fast and efficient spread ofknowledge and skills. This study focused on perceptions of the ToT concept through interviews with ToT trainers.Two learning theories, organizational learning (4I) and experiential learning theory (ELT) were used toconceptualize the ToT-concept. It was found that the ToT-concept can be used as the method to conduct ELT toachieve organizational learning and knowledge (4I). Furthermore, the study also presents how participantsperceives ToT using thematic analysis. This resulted in four themes: Common understanding of ToT, Learn-by-doing, No grounding in ToT, and Difficult to ensure quality.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Omaha: , 2023
Series
Proceedings of ISCRAM, ISSN 2411-3387
Keywords
Training of Trainers, Exercises, Learning, Capacity building
National Category
Other Medical Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197264 (URN)9798218217495 (ISBN)
Conference
Information Systems of Crisis Response And Management, Omaha, Nebraska, May 28-31.
Available from: 2023-08-30 Created: 2023-08-30 Last updated: 2025-01-29Bibliographically approved
Jonson, C.-O., Pettersson, J., Friberg, M., Björnqvist, A., Berggren, P., Johansson, B. & Prytz, E. (2023). Identifying Core Competencies for Medical Command and Control Teams Managing Covid-19. In: 2023 WADEM congress on disaster and emergency medicine: . Paper presented at 2023 WADEM congress on disaster and emergency medicine, Killarney, Ireland, May 9-12 (pp. s216-s216). Cambridge University Press (CUP), 38(S1)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Identifying Core Competencies for Medical Command and Control Teams Managing Covid-19
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2023 (English)In: 2023 WADEM congress on disaster and emergency medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP) , 2023, Vol. 38, no S1, p. s216-s216Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Introduction:

The Covid-19 pandemic strained most of the world’s health care organizations to, and sometimes beyond, their limits. To anticipate, coordinate, mobilize, and prioritize hospital resources, Sweden’s health care regions established regional medical command and control teams according to the medical major incident structure. This command structure was initially developed based on an all-hazards approach focused primarily on sudden mass casualty incidents with a relatively short time frame. Covid-19 management was active for several months with a most intense operations period during the spring of 2020. This study aimed at identifying competence needs by employing a co-creative approach with members of the staff involved in the pandemic management.

Method:

Data was collected and analyzed using a modified Delphi consensus method. The respondents were subject matter experts serving in the regional medical command and control teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. One workshop was held to gather opinions, which were included as statements in a consensus survey and answered by the participants after the first workshop. A second workshop was held to discuss statements that did not reach initial consensus in the survey and establish final consensus.

Results:

The consensus agreed statements were sorted into five themes, which constituted the collective agreement of medical command and control core abilities. The five core competence themes were: Situation report, Team organization, Co-operation, Competence management, and Analysis. The consensus agreed statements highlighted competencies needed for creating situation reports, organizing medical command and control teams, effective cross-organization co-operation, decision-making, and medical intelligence analysis.

Conclusion:

The core competencies of medical command and control identified in the present study can be used to further affirm current learning objectives and to formulate future learning objectives for education and exercises. The evaluation approach could potentially be used as a post-incident review to fine-tune an organization’s training plan.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2023
National Category
Applied Psychology
Research subject
Disaster Medicine
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197365 (URN)10.1017/s1049023x23005538 (DOI)
Conference
2023 WADEM congress on disaster and emergency medicine, Killarney, Ireland, May 9-12
Available from: 2023-09-01 Created: 2023-09-01 Last updated: 2025-05-20
Johansson, B., Berggren, P. & Leifler, O. (2023). Understanding the challenge of the energy crisis: Tackling system complexity with megagaming. In: Alan Dix, Irene Reppa, Carina Westling, Harry Witchel, Stéphane Safin, Gerrit van der Veer,J oseph MacInnes, Harry Witchel, Raymond Bond (Ed.), ECCE '23: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023: . Paper presented at European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Swansea United Kingdom, September 19 - 22, 2023. New York, NY United States: ACM Digital Library
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding the challenge of the energy crisis: Tackling system complexity with megagaming
2023 (English)In: ECCE '23: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2023 / [ed] Alan Dix, Irene Reppa, Carina Westling, Harry Witchel, Stéphane Safin, Gerrit van der Veer,J oseph MacInnes, Harry Witchel, Raymond Bond, New York, NY United States: ACM Digital Library, 2023Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Climate change is tightly coupled to the usage of energy in differentforms. Creating and using sustainable energy solutions is increasinglybeing recognized as the greatest challenge of our time. Theenergy crisis concerns everyone who consumes energy or servicesthat rely on energy to be performed, in practice almost everythingwe buy. However, the temporal and psychological distance to climatechange has led to a situation where the consequences of ourenergy usage often is considered a future problem or “someoneelse’s” problem. Current methods to increase awareness and understandingof climate change and the need to create sustainableenergy solutions are usually based on simulation or negotiationgames. Methods similar to crisis management exercises are uncommon.In this paper, we propose to use Megagames, large scale socialgames, as a method for increasing the awareness of the challengesrelated to creating sustainable energy solutions. Examples fromtwo Megagame test runs are provided and discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York, NY United States: ACM Digital Library, 2023
Keywords
games, social simulations, climate change, energy systems
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-198715 (URN)10.1145/3605655.3605689 (DOI)001144182000005 ()2-s2.0-85173836325 (Scopus ID)9798400708756 (ISBN)
Conference
European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, Swansea United Kingdom, September 19 - 22, 2023
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 51869-1
Note

Funding: Swedish Energy Agency

Available from: 2023-10-24 Created: 2023-10-24 Last updated: 2024-02-23Bibliographically approved
Woltjer, R., Johansson, B. J. E., Oskarsson, P.-A., Svenmarck, P. & Kirwan, B. (2022). Air Transport System Agility: The Agile Response Capability (ARC) Methodology for Crisis Preparedness. Infrastructures, 7(2), Article ID 10.3390.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Air Transport System Agility: The Agile Response Capability (ARC) Methodology for Crisis Preparedness
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2022 (English)In: Infrastructures, ISSN 2412-3811, Vol. 7, no 2, article id 10.3390Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aviation is a highly inter-connected system. This means that a problem in one area maycause effects in other countries or parts of the Air Transport System (ATS). Examples range from localair traffic disruptions to the 2010 volcanic ash crisis. Agility, like resilience, refers to the ability to copewith dynamics and complexity in a flexible manner, by adjusting and adapting performance and theorganization of work to fit changing demands. The aim of this work is to help ATS organizationswith increasing their agility in the face of crises and challenges. To this end, this article presents theAgile Response Capability (ARC) guidance material. ARC was developed from a literature study anda number of case studies that combined past event analysis, interviews, focus groups, workshops,questionnaires, and exercise observation methodologies. ARC aims to help aviation organizations toset up, run, and evaluate exercises promoting agility to handle disturbances and crises, and to enablestructured pro-active and retrospective analysis of scenarios and actual events. The elements andsteps of the ARC approach are illustrated and exemplified with data from three case studies. TheARC methodology facilitates more agile and resilient ways of responding to the fundamental andnovel surprises that have become  almost commonplace in the past decade, and are likely to continueto do so.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
agility; resilience; crisis management; aviation; crisis preparedness
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-201792 (URN)10.3390/infrastructures7020011 (DOI)2-s2.0-85123909416 (Scopus ID)
Funder
European Commission, 640597Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, Swedish Cooperation Platform (Samverkansplattform) H2020 Secure Societies
Available from: 2024-03-22 Created: 2024-03-22 Last updated: 2024-10-11Bibliographically approved
Herkevall, J. & Johansson, B. (2022). Understanding at the Boundary of Inter-organizational Crisis Management – Perspectives from the Swedish COVID-19 Response.. In: Proceedings of ISCRAM, Tarbes, France, May 22-25: . Paper presented at Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding at the Boundary of Inter-organizational Crisis Management – Perspectives from the Swedish COVID-19 Response.
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of ISCRAM, Tarbes, France, May 22-25, 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-189188 (URN)
Conference
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Funder
Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency
Available from: 2022-10-12 Created: 2022-10-12 Last updated: 2023-09-07
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8701-8689