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Söderbäck, P., Blomvall, J. & Singull, M. (2022). Improved Dividend Estimation from Intraday Quotes. Entropy, 24(1), Article ID 95.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved Dividend Estimation from Intraday Quotes
2022 (English)In: Entropy, E-ISSN 1099-4300, Vol. 24, no 1, article id 95Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Liquid financial markets, such as the options market of the S&P 500 index, create vast amounts of data every day, i.e., so-called intraday data. However, this highly granular data is often reduced to single-time when used to estimate financial quantities. This under-utilization of the data may reduce the quality of the estimates. In this paper, we study the impacts on estimation quality when using intraday data to estimate dividends. The methodology is based on earlier linear regression (ordinary least squares) estimates, which have been adapted to intraday data. Further, the method is also generalized in two aspects. First, the dividends are expressed as present values of future dividends rather than dividend yields. Second, to account for heteroscedasticity, the estimation methodology was formulated as a weighted least squares, where the weights are determined from the market data. This method is compared with a traditional method on out-of-sample S&P 500 European options market data. The results show that estimations based on intraday data have, with statistical significance, a higher quality than the corresponding single-times estimates. Additionally, the two generalizations of the methodology are shown to improve the estimation quality further.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
big data adaptation; dividend estimation; options markets; weighted least squares
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-183070 (URN)10.3390/e24010095 (DOI)000747171200001 ()35052121 (PubMedID)
Available from: 2022-02-23 Created: 2022-02-23 Last updated: 2023-12-28
Hagenbjörk, J. & Blomvall, J. (2019). Simulation and evaluation of the distribution of interest rate risk. Computational Management Science, 16(1-2), 297-327
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Simulation and evaluation of the distribution of interest rate risk
2019 (English)In: Computational Management Science, ISSN 1619-697X, E-ISSN 1619-6988, Vol. 16, no 1-2, p. 297-327Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We study methods to simulate term structures in order to measure interest rate risk more accurately. We use principal component analysis of term structure innovations to identify risk factors and we model their univariate distribution using GARCH-models with Student’s t-distributions in order to handle heteroscedasticity and fat tails. We find that the Student’s t-copula is most suitable to model co-dependence of these univariate risk factors. We aim to develop a model that provides low ex-ante risk measures, while having accurate representations of the ex-post realized risk. By utilizing a more accurate term structure estimation method, our proposed model is less sensitive to measurement noise compared to traditional models. We perform an out-of-sample test for the U.S. market between 2002 and 2017 by valuing a portfolio consisting of interest rate derivatives. We find that ex-ante Value at Risk measurements can be substantially reduced for all confidence levels above 95%, compared to the traditional models. We find that that the realized portfolio tail losses accurately conform to the ex-ante measurement for daily returns, while traditional methods overestimate, or in some cases even underestimate the risk ex-post. Due to noise inherent in the term structure measurements, we find that all models overestimate the risk for 10-day and quarterly returns, but that our proposed model provides the by far lowest Value at Risk measures.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2019
Keywords
Interest rate risk, Principal component analysis, Term structure, Value at Risk
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151604 (URN)10.1007/s10287-018-0319-8 (DOI)000458627300013 ()2-s2.0-85048050404 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-03-12 Created: 2019-03-12 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
Blomvall, J. & Ekblom, J. (2018). Corporate Hedging: an answer to the "how" question. Annals of Operations Research, 266(1-2), 35-69
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Corporate Hedging: an answer to the "how" question
2018 (English)In: Annals of Operations Research, ISSN 0254-5330, E-ISSN 1572-9338, Vol. 266, no 1-2, p. 35-69Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We develop a stochastic programming framework for hedging currency and interest rate risk, with market traded currency forward contracts and interest rate swaps, in an environment with uncertain cash flows. The framework captures the skewness and kurtosis in exchange rates, transaction costs, the systematic risks in interest rates, and most importantly, the term premia which determine the expected cost of different hedging instruments. Given three commonly used objective functions: variance, expected shortfall, and mean log profits, we study properties of the optimal hedge. We find that the choice of objective function can have a substantial effect on the resulting hedge in terms of the portfolio composition, the resulting risk and the hedging cost. Further, we find that unless the objective is indifferent to hedging costs, term premia in the different markets, along with transaction costs, are fundamental determinants of the optimal hedge. Our results also show that to reduce risk properly and to keep hedging costs low, a rich-enough universe of hedging instruments is critical. Through out-of-sample testing we validate the findings of the in-sample analysis, and importantly, we show that the model is robust enough to be used on real market data. The proposed framework offers great flexibility regarding the distributional assumptions of the underlying risk factors and the types of hedging instruments which can be included in the optimization model.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York, United States: Springer-Verlag New York, 2018
Keywords
Stochastic programming, Currency hedging, Term premia, Uncertain cash flows, Risk management
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142117 (URN)10.1007/s10479-017-2645-6 (DOI)000433953200003 ()2-s2.0-85032818917 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2017-10-23 Created: 2017-10-23 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
Barkhagen, M. & Blomvall, J. (2016). Modeling and evaluation of the option book hedging problem using stochastic programming. Paper presented at 13th International Conference of Stochastic Programming. Quantitative finance (Print), 16(2), 259-273
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Modeling and evaluation of the option book hedging problem using stochastic programming
2016 (English)In: Quantitative finance (Print), ISSN 1469-7688, E-ISSN 1469-7696, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 259-273Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Hedging of an option book in an incomplete market with transaction costs is an important problem in finance that many banks have to solve on a daily basis. In this paper, we develop a stochastic programming (SP) model for the hedging problem in a realistic setting, where all transactions take place at observed bid and ask prices. The SP model relies on a realistic modeling of the important risk factors for the application, the price of the underlying security and the volatility surface. The volatility surface is unobservable and must be estimated from a cross section of observed option quotes that contain noise and possibly arbitrage. In order to produce arbitrage-free volatility surfaces of high quality as input to the SP model, a novel non-parametric estimation method is used. The dimension of the volatility surface is infinite and in order to be able solve the problem numerically, we use discretization and principal component analysis to reduce the dimensions of the problem. Testing the model out-of-sample for options on the Swedish OMXS30 index, we show that the SP model is able to produce a hedge that has both a lower realized risk and cost compared with dynamic delta and delta-vega hedging strategies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2016
Keywords
Option hedging, Stochastic programming, Simulation, Local volatility surface, Empirical evaluation
National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130323 (URN)10.1080/14697688.2015.1114358 (DOI)000378169900009 ()
Conference
13th International Conference of Stochastic Programming
Note

At the time for thesis presentation publication was in status: Manuscript

At the time for thesis presentation manuscript was named: Hedging of an Option Book at Actual Market Prices Using Stochastic Programming

Available from: 2016-07-29 Created: 2016-07-28 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
Barkhagen, M., Blomvall, J. & Platen, E. (2016). Recovering the Real-World Density and Liquidity Premia from Option Data. Quantitative finance (Print), 16(7), 1147-1164
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Recovering the Real-World Density and Liquidity Premia from Option Data
2016 (English)In: Quantitative finance (Print), ISSN 1469-7688, E-ISSN 1469-7696, Vol. 16, no 7, p. 1147-1164Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper we develop a methodology for simultaneous recovery of the real-world probability density and liquidity premia from observed S&P500 index option prices. Assuming the existence of a numeraire portfolio for the US equity market, fair prices of derivatives under the benchmark approach can be obtained directly under the real-world measure. Under this modeling framework there exists a direct link between observed call option prices on the index and the real-world density for the underlying index. We use a novel method for estimation of option implied volatility surfaces of high quality which enables the subsequent analysis. We show that the real-world density that we recover is consistent with the observed realized dynamics of the underlying index. This admits the identication of liquidity premia embedded in option price data. We identify and estimate two separate liquidity premia embedded in S&P500 index options that are consistent with previous findings in the literature.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2016
Keywords
Real-world density; Liquidity premia; Local volatility model; No-nparametric estimation; Simulated Maximum Likelihood
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117104 (URN)10.1080/14697688.2015.1128117 (DOI)000379836500011 ()
Available from: 2015-04-16 Created: 2015-04-16 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
Blomvall, J. & Henningsson, M. (2008). AN INTRODUCTORY PROJECT IN FINANCIAL ENGINEERING. In: 4th International CDIO Conference,2008.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>AN INTRODUCTORY PROJECT IN FINANCIAL ENGINEERING
2008 (English)In: 4th International CDIO Conference,2008, 2008Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

  

National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-43969 (URN)75246 (Local ID)75246 (Archive number)75246 (OAI)
Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2023-12-28
Blomvall, J. & Shapiro, A. (2006). Solving multistage asset investment problems by the sample average approximation method. Mathematical programming, 108(2-3), 571-595
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Solving multistage asset investment problems by the sample average approximation method
2006 (English)In: Mathematical programming, ISSN 0025-5610, E-ISSN 1436-4646, Vol. 108, no 2-3, p. 571-595Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The vast size of real world stochastic programming instances requires sampling to make them practically solvable. In this paper we extend the understanding of how sampling affects the solution quality of multistage stochastic programming problems. We present a new heuristic for determining good feasible solutions for a multistage decision problem. For power and log-utility functions we address the question of how tree structures, number of stages, number of outcomes and number of assets affect the solution quality. We also present a new method for evaluating the quality of first stage decisions.

Keywords
Asset allocation, Monte Carlo sampling, SAA method, Statistical bounds, Stochastic programming
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-50188 (URN)10.1007/s10107-006-0723-7 (DOI)
Available from: 2009-10-11 Created: 2009-10-11 Last updated: 2023-12-28
Blomvall, J. & Manzano, J. (2004). Positive forward rates in the maximum smoothness framework. Quantitative finance (Print), 4(2), 221-232
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Positive forward rates in the maximum smoothness framework
2004 (English)In: Quantitative finance (Print), ISSN 1469-7688, E-ISSN 1469-7696, Vol. 4, no 2, p. 221-232Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper we present a nonlinear dynamic programming algorithm for the computation of forward rates within the maximum smoothness framework. The algorithm implements the forward rate positivity constraint for a one-parametric family of smoothness measures and it handles price spreads in the constraining data set. We investigate the outcome of the algorithm using the Swedish Bond market showing examples where the absence of the positive constraint leads to negative interest rates. Furthermore we investigate the predictive accuracy of the algorithm as we move along the family of smoothness measures. Among other things we observe that the inclusion of spreads not only improves the smoothness of forward curves but also significantly reduces the predictive error.

National Category
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-22410 (URN)10.1088/1469-7688/4/2/011 (DOI)1624 (Local ID)1624 (Archive number)1624 (OAI)
Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2023-12-28
Blomvall, J. (2003). A multistage stochastic programming algorithm suitable for parallel computing. Paper presented at International Conference on Parallel Computing in Numerical Optimization (ParCo 2001), Naples, Italy, September 2001. Parallel Computing, 29(4), 431-445
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A multistage stochastic programming algorithm suitable for parallel computing
2003 (English)In: Parallel Computing, ISSN 0167-8191, E-ISSN 1872-7336, Vol. 29, no 4, p. 431-445Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In [Euro. J. Operat. Res. 143 (2002) 452, Opt. Meth. Software 17 (2002) 383] a Riccati-based primal interior point method for multistage stochastic programmes was developed. This algorithm has several interesting features. It can solve problems with a nonlinear node-separable convex objective, local linear constraints and global linear constraints. This paper demonstrates that the algorithm can be efficiently parallelized. The solution procedure in the algorithm allows for a simple but efficient method to distribute the computations. The parallel algorithm has been implemented on a low-budget parallel computer, where we experience almost perfect linear speedup and very good scalability of the algorithm. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2003
Keywords
Dynamic programming, Finance, Interior point methods, Parallel computing, Stochastic programming
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-46688 (URN)10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00015-2 (DOI)000182061100005 ()
Conference
International Conference on Parallel Computing in Numerical Optimization (ParCo 2001), Naples, Italy, September 2001
Available from: 2009-10-11 Created: 2009-10-11 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
Blomvall, J. & Lindberg, P. O. (2003). Back-testing the performance of an actively managed option portfolio at the Swedish Stock Market, 1990–1999. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 27(6), 1099-1112
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Back-testing the performance of an actively managed option portfolio at the Swedish Stock Market, 1990–1999
2003 (English)In: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, ISSN 0165-1889, E-ISSN 1879-1743, Vol. 27, no 6, p. 1099-1112Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We build an investment model based on Stochastic Programming. In the model we buy at the ask price and sell at the bid price. We apply the model to a case where we can invest in a Swedish stock index, call options on the index and the risk-free asset. By reoptimizing the portfolio on a daily basis over a ten-year period, it is shown that options can be used to create a portfolio that outperforms the index. With ex post analysis, it is furthermore shown that we can create a portfolio that dominates the index in terms of mean and variance, i.e. at given level of risk we could have achieved a higher return using options.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2003
Keywords
Portfolio optimization; Derivatives
National Category
Mathematics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-22326 (URN)10.1016/S0165-1889(02)00056-8 (DOI)000180646100009 ()1526 (Local ID)1526 (Archive number)1526 (OAI)
Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-3558-2579

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