Let (X, d(X), mu) be a metric measure space where X is locally compact and separable and mu is a Borel regular measure such that 0 amp;lt; mu(B(x, r)) amp;lt; infinity for every ball B(x, r) with center x is an element of X and radius r amp;gt; 0. We define chi to be the set of all positive, finite non- zero regular Borel measures with compact support in X which are dominated by mu, and M = X boolean OR {0}. By introducing a kind of mass transport metric d(M) on this set we provide a new approach to first order Sobolev spaces on metric measure spaces, first by introducing such for functions F : X -amp;gt; R, and then for functions f : X -amp;gt; [-infinity, infinity] by identifying them with the unique element F-f : X -amp;gt; R defined by the mean- value integral: Ff(eta) - 1/vertical bar vertical bar eta vertical bar vertical bar integral f d eta. In the final section we prove that the approach gives us the classical Sobolev spaces when we are working in open subsets of Euclidean space R-n with Lebesgue measure. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This survey describes recent advances on quadrature domains that were made in the context of the ESF Network on Harmonic and Complex Analysis and its Applications (2007–2012). These results concern quadrature domains, and their two-phase counterparts, for harmonic, subharmonic and analytic functions.

It is known that corners of interior angle less than pi/2 in the boundary of a plane domain are initially stationary for Hele-Shaw flow arising from an arbitrary injection point inside the domain. This paper establishes the corresponding result for Laplacian growth of domains in higher dimensions. The problem is treated in terms of evolving families of quadrature domains for subharmonic functions.

In this article, we introduce the concept of harmonic balls in sub-domains of ⁿ , through a mean-value property for a subclass of harmonic functions on such domains. In the complex plane, and for analytic functions, a similar concept fails to exist due to the fact that analytic functions cannot have prescribed data on the boundary. Nevertheless, a two-phase version of the problem does exist, and gives rise to the generalization of the well-known Schwarz function to the case of a two-phase Schwarz function. Our primary goal is to derive simple properties for these problems, and tease the appetites of experts working on Schwarz function and related topics. Hopefully these two concepts will provoke further study of the topic.

Recent work on two-phase free boundary problems has led to the investigation of a new type of quadrature domain for harmonic functions. This paper develops a method of constructing such quadrature domains based on the technique of partial balayage, which has proved to be a useful tool in the study of one-phase quadrature domains and Hele-Shaw flows.