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Domènech-Gil, G., Nguyen, T. D., Wikner, J., Eriksson, J., Nilsson Påledal, S., Puglisi, D. & Bastviken, D. (2024). Electronic Nose for Improved Environmental Methane Monitoring. Environmental Science and Technology, 58, 352-361
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Electronic Nose for Improved Environmental Methane Monitoring
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2024 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 58, p. 352-361Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reducing emissions of the key greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is increasingly highlighted as being important to mitigate climate change. Effective emission reductions require cost-effective ways to measure CH4 to detect sources and verify that mitigation efforts work. We present here a novel approach to measure methane at atmospheric concentrations by means of a low-cost electronic nose strategy where the readings of a few sensors are combined, leading to errors down to 33 ppb and coefficients of determination, R-2, up to 0.91 for in situ measurements. Data from methane, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure sensors were used in customized machine learning models to account for environmental cross-effects and quantify methane in the ppm-ppb range both in indoor and outdoor conditions. The electronic nose strategy was confirmed to be versatile with improved accuracy when more reference data were supplied to the quantification model. Our results pave the way toward the use of networks of low-cost sensor systems for the monitoring of greenhouse gases.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2024
Keywords
greenhouse gas; machine learning; gas sensors; low-cost
National Category
Environmental Engineering Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200180 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.3c06945 (DOI)001139523100001 ()38126254 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding: Swedish Research Council FORMAS [2018-01794]; Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2016-04829, 2022-03841, 2021-0016, 725546]; European Research Council under the European Union [2017-00635]; Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem Science (SITES); Program SITES Water

Available from: 2024-01-12 Created: 2024-01-12 Last updated: 2024-01-24
Morales Chacon, O. A., Wikner, J., Svensson, C., Siek, L. & Alvandpour, A. (2022). Analysis of energy consumption bounds in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog cosnverters. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 111, 339-351
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis of energy consumption bounds in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog cosnverters
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2022 (English)In: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, ISSN 0925-1030, E-ISSN 1573-1979, Vol. 111, p. 339-351Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, an attempt to estimate energy consumption bounds versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters is presented. A theoretical analysis is derived, including the design corners for noise, speed and linearity for the mixed-signal domain. The study is validated by comparing the theoretical results with published measured data. As result it serves as a design reference to aim for minimum energy consumption. It is found that for an equivalent number of bits (ENOBs), the noise-bound grows at a rate of 2(2ENOB), whereas the speed-bound increases by 2(ENOB-2) and is dependent on device dimensions. Therefore, as the technology scales down, the noise bound will dominate, which is observed for an estimated SNR of about 40 dB in 65 nm CMOS process. The linearity bound is derived from an analysis based on the assumption of limited output impedance, where it is found to be dependent on the device dimensions and increase at a rate of 2(ENOB-1). The observations show that it is possible to achieve less energy consumption in all the design corners for different SNR and SFDR specifications within the Nyquist frequency, f(s)/2.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2022
Keywords
Digital-to-analog converter; CMOS; Current-steering; High-speed; Energy; Power consumption bounds
National Category
Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184533 (URN)10.1007/s10470-022-02013-2 (DOI)000778220000001 ()
Note

Funding Agencies|Linko ping University

Available from: 2022-04-29 Created: 2022-04-29 Last updated: 2023-03-14Bibliographically approved
Morales Chacon, O., Wikner, J., Alvandpour, A. & Siek, L. (2022). Comparative Analysis of CMOS Latch-Driver Circuits for Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converters. In: 2022 29th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES): . Paper presented at 29th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES), Wroclaw, POLAND, jun 23-24, 2022 (pp. 93-98). IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comparative Analysis of CMOS Latch-Driver Circuits for Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converters
2022 (English)In: 2022 29th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES), IEEE, 2022, p. 93-98Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper a comparative analysis of single- and dual-phase-clocked latch-driver circuits aimed at current-steering (CS) digital-to-analog converters (DACs) is presented. The design metrics of power consumption, propagation and switching delay as well as their product are considered. Moreover, an alternative latch-driver is proposed to sustain low-power consumption with short switching-delay. A 65 nm CMOS process is used and the results are obtained from post-layout simulations. In the analysis, dual-phase-clocked circuits consume about 2.4 x more power consumption and report 5.9 x shorter switching-delay with respect to the single-phase-clocked circuits. The proposed latch-driver consumes about 1.6 x more power with maintained switching-delay as the dual-phase-clocked solutions that leads to a reduction in the power-delay product of 25% and the lowest power-switching-delay product in the supply range 0.8-1.2 V.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2022
Keywords
Current-steering DAC, high-speed, power consumption, latch-driver circuits, CMOS
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-188677 (URN)10.23919/MIXDES55591.2022.9837990 (DOI)000853346000016 ()9788363578220 (ISBN)
Conference
29th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES), Wroclaw, POLAND, jun 23-24, 2022
Note

Funding: Swedish innovation agency (VINNOVA) [2017-04891]; Swedish government (ELLIIT); Swedish foundation for international cooperation in research and higher education (STINT)

Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-20 Last updated: 2022-11-18
Sundberg, C., Persson, M., Wikner, J. & Danielsson, M. (2021). 1-µm spatial resolution in silicon photon-counting CT detectors. Journal of Medical Imaging, 8(6), Article ID 063501.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>1-µm spatial resolution in silicon photon-counting CT detectors
2021 (English)In: Journal of Medical Imaging, ISSN 2329-4302, E-ISSN 2329-4310, Vol. 8, no 6, article id 063501Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: Spatial resolution for current scintillator-based computed tomography (CT) detectors is limited by the pixel size of about 1 mm. Direct conversion photon-counting detector prototypes with silicon- or cadmium-based detector materials have lately demonstrated spatial resolution equivalent to about 0.3 mm. We propose a development of the deep silicon photon-counting detector which will enable a resolution of 1 ?? µ m , a substantial improvement compared to the state of the art. Approach: With the deep silicon sensor, it is possible to integrate CMOS electronics and reduce the pixel size at the same time as significant on-sensor data processing capability is introduced. A Gaussian curve can then be fitted to the charge cloud created in each interaction.We evaluate the feasibility of measuring the charge cloud shape of Compton interactions for deep silicon to increase the spatial resolution. By combining a Monte Carlo photon simulation with a charge transport model, we study the charge cloud distributions and induced currents as functions of the interaction position. For a simulated deep silicon detector with a pixel size of 12 ?? µ m , we present a method for estimating the interaction position. Results: Using estimations for electronic noise and a lowest threshold of 0.88 keV, we obtain a spatial resolution equivalent to 1.37 ?? µ m in the direction parallel to the silicon wafer and 78.28 ?? µ m in the direction orthogonal to the wafer. Conclusions: We have presented a simulation study of a deep silicon detector with a pixel size of 12 × 500 ?? µ m 2 and a method to estimate the x-ray interaction position with ultra-high resolution. Higher spatial resolution can in general be important to detect smaller details in the image. The very high spatial resolution in one dimension could be a path to a practical implementation of phase contrast imaging in CT.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2021
Keywords
charge diffusion; charge transport; silicon detector; spatial resolution
National Category
Medical Image Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-185184 (URN)10.1117/1.JMI.8.6.063501 (DOI)000773685200002 ()34805448 (PubMedID)
Note

Funding agencies: Olle Engkvist Foundation

Available from: 2022-05-18 Created: 2022-05-18 Last updated: 2022-06-10
Morales Chacón, O., Wikner, J., Alvandpour, A. & Siek, L. (2021). A digital switching scheme to reduce DAC glitches using code-dependent randomization. In: 2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS): . Paper presented at 2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS), Oslo, Norway, 26-27 October 2021 (pp. 1-5). IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A digital switching scheme to reduce DAC glitches using code-dependent randomization
2021 (English)In: 2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS), IEEE, 2021, p. 1-5Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A digital switching scheme to reduce glitches and induce code-dependent randomization in digital-to-analog converters (DACs) is presented. The switching scheme is capable of generating a thermometer-like decoded bit sequence from a butterfly network. Due to the reduced switching activity, it mitigates the impact of timing issues, making it suitable for highspeed operation. From behavioral model simulations with a 10-bit current-steering DAC, a linearity improvement in spurious-free dynamic range of about 4 dBc is obtained for 10% amplitude mismatch in the current sources, demonstrating the improvement in linearity without the use of pseudo-random control signals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2021
Keywords
Digital-to-Analog Converter, Randomization, Butterfly Network
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-188674 (URN)10.1109/NorCAS53631.2021.9599651 (DOI)978-1-6654-0712-0 (ISBN)
Conference
2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS), Oslo, Norway, 26-27 October 2021
Available from: 2022-09-20 Created: 2022-09-20 Last updated: 2022-11-18Bibliographically approved
Wilk, J., Schmid Neset, T.-S., Andersson, L., Conceição, P., Graça, M., Maarse, M., . . . Zijderveld, A. (2021). Citizen Sensing Stakeholder Interaction Manual.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Citizen Sensing Stakeholder Interaction Manual
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2021 (English)Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [en]

This stakeholder interaction manual was prepared in the ERA4CS project: Citizen Sensing - Urban climate resilience through a Participatory Risk Management System(PRMS). The Participatory Risk Management System includes an app by which end-users upload reports (weather observations, eventual impacts, level of personal comfort accompanied by comments and/or images) and a spatial-temporal visualization platform (the CitizenSensing web-portal) that allows users to view, explore and analyze the reports (see Navarra et al. 2020). The aim of the manual is to guide stakeholder interactions within the project to assess and gain deeper insight into the perceptions, priorities and reflections of stakeholders2 that were involved in the co-design process and organize the end-user3 campaigns.

The “Getting Started” section contains general information about participants, workshops, aims, outcomes, preparations, equipment, opening and closing workshops and communication. The following sections contain participatory exercises that could be performed with stakeholders and/or end-users to inform and guide the co-design process of CitizenSensing researchers and municipal through the set-up, testing and assessment of the PRMS. The exercises are organized under a number of workshops4. These would be performed with several participants, but the same exercises could be performed at or smaller meetings with a few people or individuals.

  • The workshop sections contain a number of interactive exercises that cover a number of themes: Climate-related issues and project pre-conditions (Workshop 1A)
  • Risks, sensitive groups and locations and climate-related variables (Workshop 1B)
  • Sensor networks, databases and municipal tasks (Workshop 2A)
  • App requirements, critical levels and recommendations (Workshop 2B)
  • Assessing possibilities for measurement/observation campaigns (Workshop 3)
  • Designing the end-user campaigns (Workshop 4)
  • Preparing the end-user campaigns (Workshop 5)
  • Initiating the end-user campaigns (Workshop 6)
  • Concluding the end-user campaigns (Workshop 7).
  • Assessing stakeholder perspectives: Workshop (Workshop 8)
  • Assessing stakeholder perspectives: Interviews

Appendices I and II contain pre-campaign and post-campaign surveys to be conducted at Workshops 4 and 5. Appendix III contains an interview guide that could be used in Workshops 8 or 9. Appendix IV contains a guide to exploring the web-portal that could be used in Workshops 8 or 9.

Publisher
p. 47
National Category
Other Social Sciences not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-189641 (URN)
Projects
Citizen Sensing - Urban climate resilience through a Participatory Risk Management System (PRMS)
Available from: 2022-10-31 Created: 2022-10-31 Last updated: 2022-11-03Bibliographically approved
Holmbring, S. & Wikner, J. (2021). Elektronism: en flerårig resa genom tolv månader. Öland: [Staffan Holmström & J Jacob Wikner]
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Elektronism: en flerårig resa genom tolv månader
2021 (Swedish)Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

Temat i boken Elektronism ligger i tiden. Staffan Holmbring och J Jacob Wikner gör en tidsresa genom året. Funderingar kopplas ihop med månadernas karaktär. Naturvetenskapliga och filosofiska tankar uppstår och läsaren får följa dem under tidsresans gång. Elektronism tar vid där vår frågvishet slutar.   Holmbring och Wikner ställer frågor på ett enkelt vis. Varför är vatten blött? Varför blir det aldrig blötare av att vattna på vatten?Elektronism är en fristående fortsättning där den förra boken Elektrosofi slutade. Resan har nu fortsatt från geografiska stopp till stopp i vår kalender.   Staffan Holmbring är teknisk doktor i tillämpad fysik från Linköpings universitet. Kompetensen han fick därifrån har han bland annat använt i de företag som han har drivit från 80-talet med verksamheter inom tillämpad fysik och integrerad elektronik. Mycket intresserar honom utanför det naturvetenskapliga skrået, främst litteratur, filosofi och bildkonst.   J Jacob Wikner är uppväxt i Borgholm, Öland. Dagarna fylls ofta med föreläsningar, kretskonstruktion och forskningsprojekt som spänner från den afrikanska landsbygden via kroppens elektriska signaler till röntgendetektorer. Intressena för en teknisk doktor, docent och biträdande professor kan vara många.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Öland: [Staffan Holmström & J Jacob Wikner], 2021. p. 298
Keywords
Naturvetenskap-teori, filosofi, Teknik-teori, filosofi
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181562 (URN)9789189335264 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-12-02 Created: 2021-12-02 Last updated: 2021-12-09Bibliographically approved
Morales Chacón, O., Wikner, J., Alvandpour, A. & Siek, L. (2020). A 10-bit 3.75-GS/s Binary-Weighted DAC with 58.6-pJ Energy Consumption in 65-nm CMOS. In: 2020 IEEE NORDIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (NORCAS): . Paper presented at IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NORCAS), ELECTR NETWORK, oct 27-28, 2020. IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A 10-bit 3.75-GS/s Binary-Weighted DAC with 58.6-pJ Energy Consumption in 65-nm CMOS
2020 (English)In: 2020 IEEE NORDIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (NORCAS), IEEE, 2020Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Exploring the simplicity and scalability of binary-weighted architectures, this paper presents a 10-bit high-speed current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) designed in 65-mn CMOS technology. Post-layout simulations show that the DAC achieves 3.75-GHz sampling frequency while consuming 220 mW for 58.6-pJ energy consumption per sample.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2020
Keywords
5G; Current-Steering; Digital-to-Analog Converter; High Speed; CMOS; Radio Frequency; Low power
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181638 (URN)10.1109/NorCAS51424.2020.9265003 (DOI)000722249100013 ()9781728192260 (ISBN)
Conference
IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NORCAS), ELECTR NETWORK, oct 27-28, 2020
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedens innovation agency (VINNOVA)Vinnova [2017-04891]; Swedish government (ELLIIT)

Available from: 2021-12-06 Created: 2021-12-06 Last updated: 2022-09-20
Holmbring, S. & Wikner, J. (2019). Elektrosofi: med avtryck från Öland. Stockholm: Fri Tanke
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Elektrosofi: med avtryck från Öland
2019 (Swedish)Book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

"nedslag från en tankeväckande resa på Öland. Vilka funderingar kan kopplas ihop med de platser som författarna besöker under resans gång? Vi får följa de naturvetenskapliga såväl som filosofiska tankar som uppstår längs resans väg."

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Fri Tanke, 2019. p. 402
Keywords
Filosofi, Teknik, Naturvetenskap, Sverige-- Öland
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165880 (URN)9789188589484 (ISBN)
Available from: 2020-06-02 Created: 2020-06-02 Last updated: 2020-06-02Bibliographically approved
Sundberg, C., Sjolin, M., Wikner, J., Svensson, C. & Danielsson, M. (2018). Increasing the dose efficiency in silicon photon-counting detectors utilizing dual shapers. In: PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 10573 SPIE MEDICAL IMAGING, 10-15 FEBRUARY 2018 Medical Imaging 2018: Physics of Medical Imaging: . Paper presented at SPIE Medical Imaging, 10-15 February, 2018, Houston, Texas, United States. SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 10573, Article ID UNSP 105734W.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Increasing the dose efficiency in silicon photon-counting detectors utilizing dual shapers
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2018 (English)In: PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 10573 SPIE MEDICAL IMAGING, 10-15 FEBRUARY 2018 Medical Imaging 2018: Physics of Medical Imaging, SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2018, Vol. 10573, article id UNSP 105734WConference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Silicon photon-counting spectral detectors are candidates for the next generation of medical CT. For silicon detectors, a low noise floor is necessary to obtain good detection efficiency. A low noise floor can be obtained by having a slow shaping filter in the ASIC, but this leads to a long dead-time, thus decreasing the count-rate performance. In this work, we evaluate the benefit of utilizing two sub-channels with different shaping times. It is shown by simulation that utilizing a dual shaper can increase the dose efficiency for equal count-rate capability by up to 17%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, 2018
Series
Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging, ISSN 1605-7422 ; 10573
Keywords
dose efficiency; silicon detector; shaping time; ASIC; photon-counting
National Category
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151532 (URN)10.1117/12.2293453 (DOI)000436173700167 ()9781510616363 (ISBN)
Conference
SPIE Medical Imaging, 10-15 February, 2018, Houston, Texas, United States
Available from: 2018-09-24 Created: 2018-09-24 Last updated: 2019-04-23Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-2144-6795

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