Background: The aim is to explore and describe access to the internet and how it is used among adolescents and young adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities in their everyday settings. Method: Data were collected through observations of and interviews with 15 participants with intellectual disabilities, aged 13-25, on access and use of the internet in school or work and at home or in their free time. A qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Main findings were categorised into: Access to the internet in different settings, Challenges when using the internet and Strategies to handle the digital environment and take part in internet activities.Conclusions: This study revealed that participants had access to internet connections and to a high number of internet-enabled devices. Participants use the internet through strategies when doing internet activities, for example using pictures and reducing the number of internet-enabled devices used in their everyday settings.

Introduction: Internet is an integral part of everyday life today. In Sweden 98% of adolescents are reported using internet. However, adolescents with intellectual disabilities are often excluded in national surveys, since questions are not adapted for the target group. Statistics remain therefore limited regarding internet-use among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Objectives: To investigate and describe internet-use among adolescents with intellectual disabilities through an adapted version of a nationwide survey in Sweden. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an adapted version of a survey from the Swedish Media Council on media-use among adolescents. Cognitive adaptations were included and it was accessible through the web and in paper. The sample was drawn from three municipalities using a total-selection of pupils in secondary- and upper secondary special schools. 265 surveys were sent out and the response rate was approximately 32%. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: The result gives demographic data on the participants and descriptive statistics on the access to devices for internet-connection. Further, data are provided on activities done in leisure time and whether internet is used or not, together with perceptions of doings on internet from the participants. Conclusion: Stepwise adaptations of the survey with different levels of cognitive support enabled the participation of adolescents with intellectual disabilities and the result gives increased knowledge of internet-use among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Finally, future comparative analysis are possible due to the national survey being used implying the voices of adolescents with intellectual disabilities being heard.

Background: Today everyday life depends on having access to, understand and use internet inorder to participate and take part in societal resources. This understanding can be complex forpersons with intellectual disabilities (ID) due to their cognitive impairments. It is even statedthat internet-use can be yet another part of daily life activities they are excluded from. Internet-use is claimed to involve risks, but also benefits for persons with ID, but there is a shortage inempirical studies with the target group ́s own opinion regarding this. Broader knowledge isacquired of internet-use in everyday life for adolescents with ID, as a precondition toparticipation. 

Aim: This study aims to explore and describe internet-use and doing internet activities at homeand at school among adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities. Method: The study has a qualitative inductive design using observations and interviews in thetwo settings; at home and at school. Participants are six adolescents with mild and moderate ID,from special schools in the middle-region of Sweden, between the ages 13-20, that use internetto some extent. Data was collected at 2 occasions/participant for about 2hours/participant/setting. The analysis was done using a qualitative content analysis.

Result: Preliminary results show that adolescents with mild and moderate ID use internet both athome and in school, to a greater extent than was expected, but the doings of internet-activitiesvaries in the different settings. Both facilitating and hindering aspects are described by theparticipants. Pictures on the internet seem to be of support when using and navigating theinternet.

Conclusion: Deeper knowledge regarding internet-use from the target groups own perspectivehas been gained. The results can be used in the different occupational settings and in furtherresearch to survey internet use and participation in internet-activities

Bakgrund: Strukturerna för den offentliga sektorn och hälso- och sjukvården förändras ständigt, och folkhälsorelaterade problem ökar. Exempel på detta är en ökad andel äldre i befolkningen, eller fetma och psykisk ohälsa hos unga människor. För att möta dessa förändringar och behoven hos klienter i arbetsterapeutisk verksamhet måste nya förhållningssätt användas. Ett sätt att under utbildningen utveckla studenters handlingsberedskap inför framtida insatser kan vara att medvetandegöra och främja ett entreprenöriellt förhållningssättgenom olika lärmoment. Entreprenöriellt förhållningssätt definieras som"ett sätt att se möjligheterna och göra något av dem".

Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och utvärdera lärmoment för att främja entreprenöriellt förhållningssätt hos studenter på Arbetsterapeutprogrammet.

Metod: Två huvudsakliga lärmoment användes för studenterna, och uppföljande utvärderingar genomfördes via enkät med öppna och slutna frågor. Utöver detta anordnades workshop för lärare, som följdes av utvärdering.

Resultat/preliminärt resultat: Lärmomenten för studenter innebar att arbeta i projektform i gruppmed ett aktivitetsproblem för en specifik målgrupp utifrån Design för alla under handledning. Uppföljande seminarium utifrån specifik litteratur genomfördes. Studenternas utvärdering visar vikten av att ha lärmoment om design och entreprenörskap i utbildningen. Många studenteruppgav att de kunde använda denna kunskap i arbetsterapeutisk verksamhet. Workshop genomfördes med lärare där begrepp inom entreprenörskap diskuterades och kreativa sätt att utveckla lärmoment för studenter inom detta lyftes. I utvärderingen uppgav merparten av lärarna entreprenöriellt förhållningssätt som viktigt inom utbildningen.

Slutsats: Vikten av lärares förståelse för entreprenöriellt förhållningssätt identifierades. Entreprenöriellt förhållningssätt kan främjas genom att kombinera fler lärmoment för studenter. Genom detta kan studenter utveckla handlingsberedskap gällande utmaningar i ett föränderligt samhälle.

Introduction

The structures of social and health care are changing, and public health related problems in Western Europe are increasing, such as an increased elderly population, obesity and mental health problems in young people. In order to meet the need of the clients in occupational therapy practice we have to look into new ways to approach the changing times. A way to support the students’ preparedness for action in the field is to encourage the use of an entrepreneurial mindset through different learning methods. An entrepreneurial mindset is defined as “a way to see the possibilities and make something out of them”.

Objectives

To describe learning methods to raise awareness and promote an entrepreneurialmind-set among OT students and teachers.Description/ReportThe learning methods for the students varies from working with a specific design problem in groups, discussing literature about entrepreneurship in seminars and get supervision from Innovation office. To enhance the teachers awareness about entrepreneurial mind-set workshops about how to find new non-traditional fieldwork placements in a creative way was conducted.

Results/Discussion

Our experiences of how the entrepreneurial mind-set can be encouraged are that entrepreneurship can be looked upon in different ways and should be seen close to the reality that one work in. Follow-up from workshops with teachersas well evaluations from the students about the entrepreneurial mind set will be presented. Primary results show that students feel more prepared for a new and creative way of thinking and that teachers have more entrepreneurial mind-set than they think in the beginning.

Conclusion

An increased entrepreneurial mindset can be learned/trained and used as a way of dealing with the future challengesin the health care sector for occupational therapists.

IRM är utvecklad av professor Renée Taylor, som är doktor i klinisk psykologi och professor i arbetsterapi vid University of Illinois i Chicago. Modellen beskrivs i hennes bok från 2008 The Intentional Relationship – Occupational Therapy and Use of Self. Syftet med modellen är att erbjuda en specifik begreppsapparat för ett medvetet användande av sig själv som arbetsterapeut och den behandlar händelser som förekommer i relationer mellan personer i en interventionsprocess. Dessa händelser påverkar såväl aktivitetsengagemang som utfall av intervention.

The aim of this study was to perform a literature review in order to present an overview of evaluations and interventions in occupational therapy for adults with intellectual disabilities.

The search was conducted through the following data bases AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, OT Seeker, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus covering the period between 2000 (January) - 2010 (March). The search was limited to empirical studies in occupational therapy written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals. The search terms “developmental disability”

“intellectual disability” learning disability” “mental retardation” “adults” and “occupational therapy”. The final sample that was examined was 22 papers. The result showed that eight of the papers focused on evaluation and three of these included assessments based on Model of Human Occupation (MOHO); Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and Volitional Questionnaire. Interventions were described in 14 papers and these were categorized as focusing on function, occupation or environment. Nine of the 22 included papers were written by Swedish occupational therapists. In total six papers were related to MOHO. This shows that the model is a potential support in the implementation of evidence based occupational therapy practise for adults with intellectual disabilities.