Appropriate methods to measure greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are critical for our ability to detect fluxes, understand regulation, make adequate priorities for climate change mitigation efforts, and verify that these efforts are effective. Ideally, we need reliable, accessible, and affordable measurements at relevant scales. We surveyed present GHG flux measurement methods, identified from an analysis of >11000 scientific publications and a questionnaire to sector professionals and analysed method pros and cons versus needs for novel methodology. While existing methods are well-suited for addressing certain questions, this presentation presents fundamental limitations relative to GHG flux measurement needs for verifiable and transparent action to mitigate many types of emissions. Cost and non-academic accessibility are key aspects, along with fundamental measurement performance. These method limitations contribute to the difficulties in verifying GHG mitigation efforts for transparency and accountability under the Paris agreement. Resolving this mismatch between method capacity and societal needs is urgently needed for effective climate mitigation. This type of methodological mismatch is common but seems to get high priority in other knowledge domains. The obvious need to prioritize development of accurate diagnosis methods for effective treatments in healthcare is one example. This presentation provides guidance regarding the need to prioritize the development of novel GHG flux measurement methods.

This stakeholder interaction manual was prepared in the ERA4CS project: Citizen Sensing - Urban climate resilience through a Participatory Risk Management System(PRMS). The Participatory Risk Management System includes an app by which end-users upload reports (weather observations, eventual impacts, level of personal comfort accompanied by comments and/or images) and a spatial-temporal visualization platform (the CitizenSensing web-portal) that allows users to view, explore and analyze the reports (see Navarra et al. 2020). The aim of the manual is to guide stakeholder interactions within the project to assess and gain deeper insight into the perceptions, priorities and reflections of stakeholders2 that were involved in the co-design process and organize the end-user3 campaigns.

The “Getting Started” section contains general information about participants, workshops, aims, outcomes, preparations, equipment, opening and closing workshops and communication. The following sections contain participatory exercises that could be performed with stakeholders and/or end-users to inform and guide the co-design process of CitizenSensing researchers and municipal through the set-up, testing and assessment of the PRMS. The exercises are organized under a number of workshops4. These would be performed with several participants, but the same exercises could be performed at or smaller meetings with a few people or individuals.

• The workshop sections contain a number of interactive exercises that cover a number of themes: Climate-related issues and project pre-conditions (Workshop 1A)
• Risks, sensitive groups and locations and climate-related variables (Workshop 1B)
• Sensor networks, databases and municipal tasks (Workshop 2A)
• App requirements, critical levels and recommendations (Workshop 2B)
• Assessing possibilities for measurement/observation campaigns (Workshop 3)
• Designing the end-user campaigns (Workshop 4)
• Preparing the end-user campaigns (Workshop 5)
• Initiating the end-user campaigns (Workshop 6)
• Concluding the end-user campaigns (Workshop 7).
• Assessing stakeholder perspectives: Workshop (Workshop 8)
• Assessing stakeholder perspectives: Interviews

Appendices I and II contain pre-campaign and post-campaign surveys to be conducted at Workshops 4 and 5. Appendix III contains an interview guide that could be used in Workshops 8 or 9. Appendix IV contains a guide to exploring the web-portal that could be used in Workshops 8 or 9.

Climate change and urban densification pose major challenges to the built environment. In Swedish cities, fluvial and pluvial floods risk being aggravated, necessitating adaptation efforts to make the build environment more resilient. A recent governmental inquirystates that owners are primarily responsible for adapting their property, and that the existing built environment is particularly tricky. Property owners often lack tools and approaches to strategically adapt to climate risks. This paper presents and tests a structured approach intended for large property owners to assess and visualize flood vulnerability in both individual buildings and the property portfolio, and organizational adaptive responses. The approach was developed and tested using the municipal housing company Hyresbostäder in Norrköping, Sweden as case. The study builds on workshops with staff, a systematic flood vulnerability mapping of 575 buildings, and in-situ inspections of the 85 most vulnerable buildings. The vulnerability and need for adaptation of individual buildings were visualized on a map, and adaptive avenues were identified. The approach was found useful for identifying the most vulnerable buildings, concrete adaptation measures and five broad adaptation avenues: riskfocused adaptation investments, area-focused adaptation, regular inspection and maintenance, informed collaboration and tenant dialogues. The property owner’s transformative capacity was improved by creating a shared vision, empowerment and learning, innovation capacity, gaining overview supporting transformative leadership and external cooperation likely to contribute to meeting SDGs 13 and 11. In further studies the approach will be tested by other large property owners under limited research support.

This study aimsto design a routeplanner functionality that includesreal-time context information from physical sensors and citizen observations to support pedestrian navigation in urban areas exposed to extreme heat and floods. Urban population is growing and people living in urban areas are especially exposed to heat and urban flooding, whichare two of the anticipated effects of climate change. Route planning functionality can be of value to individual citizens, especially those with limited mobility, as well as for healthcare professionals and authoritieswho are responsible for crisis response and management. Although the route planner functionality is to be experimentally implemented in a specific toolwith the use of broadly available web technologies and real time data, a major generic outcome is theframework that can be used to develop the functionality as part of a decision support toolof any kind

This paper describes two approaches for visually exploring climate-related data collected within the citizen science research project, CitizenSensing. The project addresses the need of European cities and their citizens for enhanced knowledge of sitespecific conditions regarding climatic risks and adaptation measures. The visual exploration approaches discussed are: (1) a web portal enabling users to gain a low-level overview of the collected data on a map, and (2) a visual analysis tool facilitating in-depth visual data exploration in search of spatio-temporal patterns. The aim of the study is to assess and discuss the potential of such visual exploration approaches in the context of Volunteered Geographic Information.

O projeto Citizen Sensing (projecto europeu no âmbito do programa ERA4CS) pretende desenvolver um sistema participativo de gestão de risco climático capaz de incorporar informação local, no quadro das diretrizes sobre adaptação face aos riscos climáticos e analisar até que ponto um sistema deste tipo pode contribuir para melhorar o nível de preparação e de resposta por parte dos cidadãos e das autoridades de modo aumentar a resiliência urbana em diferentes contextos europeus.

O projeto irá desenvolver e testar um sistema piloto de gestão de risco participativo em quatro cidades europeias - Porto (Portugal), Roterdão (Holanda), Norrköping (Suécia) e Trondheim (Noruega), estudando se e como o sistema poderá aumentar o envolvimento dos cidadãos e a contribuição para a resiliência urbana.

A plataforma conjuga informação recolhida pelas formas clássicas com informação fornecida pelas pessoas e, simultaneamente, fornece-lhes informação para responderem de forma adequada às situações de risco a que estão expostas, tal como serão utilizados sensores de monitorização de elementos climáticos na cidade.

This paper presents the INSITU research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a common operational picture (COP) and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution developed will provide an interactive map display, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.

This study explores the role of geographic visualization for supporting theimplementation of climate change adaptation. Interviews and group discussions withplanners and decision makers indicate that geographic visualization bears primarypotential for communicative purposes. In order to respond to analytical needs a highlevel of interactivity including the exploration of background data and the ability tolink the tools with own databases were some of the key requirements made by theparticipants. The study concludes that more than better climate predictions, awarenessand involvement may be precisely what is needed to narrow the implementation gapin climate change adaptation