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Hagman, William
Publications (5 of 5) Show all publications
Hagman, W., Tinghög, G., Dickert, S., Slovic, P. & Västfjäll, D. (2022). Motivated Down-Regulation of Emotion and Compassion Collapse Revisited. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article ID 801150.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Motivated Down-Regulation of Emotion and Compassion Collapse Revisited
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2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 13, article id 801150Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Compassion collapse is a phenomenon where feelings and helping behavior decrease as the number of needy increases. But what are the underlying mechanisms for compassion collapse? Previous research has attempted to pit two explanations: Limitations of the feeling system vs. motivated down-regulation of emotion, against each other. In this article, we critically reexamine a previous study comparing these two accounts published in 2011 and present new data that contest motivated down-regulation of emotion as the primary explanation for compassion collapse.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media SA, 2022
Keywords
compassion; emotion; emotion regulation; down-regulation; charitable giving; prosocial behavior
National Category
Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology) Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190305 (URN)10.3389/fpsyg.2022.801150 (DOI)000886940600001 ()
Available from: 2022-12-02 Created: 2022-12-02 Last updated: 2023-05-04
Hagman, W., Erlandsson, A., Dickert, S., Tinghög, G. & Västfjäll, D. (2022). The effect of paternalistic alternatives on attitudes toward default nudges. Behavioural Public Policy, 6(1), 95-118
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effect of paternalistic alternatives on attitudes toward default nudges
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2022 (English)In: Behavioural Public Policy, ISSN 2398-0648, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 95-118Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nudges are increasingly being proposed and used as a policy tool around the world. The success of nudges depends on public acceptance. However, several questions about what makes a nudge acceptable remain unanswered. In this paper, we examine whether policy alternatives to nudges influence the public's acceptance of these nudges: Do attitudes change when the nudge is presented alongside either a more paternalistic policy alternative (legislation) or a less paternalistic alternative (no behavioral intervention)? In two separate samples drawn from the Swedish general public, we find a very small effect of alternatives on the acceptability of various default nudges overall. Surprisingly, we find that when the alternative to the nudge is legislation, acceptance decreases and perceived intrusiveness increases (relative to conditions where the alternative is no regulation). An implication of this finding is that acceptance of nudges may not always automatically increase when nudges are explicitly compared to more paternalistic alternatives.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press, 2022
National Category
Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161462 (URN)10.1017/bpp.2019.17 (DOI)000865479500007 ()
Note

Funding: Lansforakringar Research Alliance [P15/02]

Available from: 2019-11-01 Created: 2019-11-01 Last updated: 2022-10-25Bibliographically approved
Thellman, S., Hagman, W., Jonsson, E., Nilsson, L., Samuelsson, E., Simonsson, C., . . . Silvervarg, A. (2018). He is not more persuasive than her: No gender biases toward robots giving speeches. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents: . Paper presented at 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (pp. 327-328). New York, NY, USA: ACM Digital Library
Open this publication in new window or tab >>He is not more persuasive than her: No gender biases toward robots giving speeches
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2018 (English)In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, New York, NY, USA: ACM Digital Library, 2018, p. 327-328Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The reported study investigated three gender-related effects on the rated persuasiveness of a speech given by a humanoid robot: (1) the female or male gendered voice and visual appearance of the robot, (2) the female or male gender of the participant, and (3) the interaction between robot gender and participant gender. The study employed a measure of persuasiveness based on the Aristotelian modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos. In contrast to previous studies on gender bias toward intelligent virtual agents and robots, the gender of the robot did not influence the rated persuasiveness of the speech, and female participants rated the speech as more persuasive than men overall.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
New York, NY, USA: ACM Digital Library, 2018
Keywords
Gender bias, gender stereotypes, persuasion, human-robot interaction, social robots
National Category
Human Computer Interaction Robotics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-197632 (URN)10.1145/3267851.3267862 (DOI)000511376500050 ()2-s2.0-85058449364 (Scopus ID)9781450360135 (ISBN)
Conference
18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Available from: 2023-09-05 Created: 2023-09-05 Last updated: 2023-09-22Bibliographically approved
Hagman, W. (2018). When are nudges acceptable?: Influences of beneficiaries, techniques, alternatives and choice architects. (Doctoral dissertation). Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>When are nudges acceptable?: Influences of beneficiaries, techniques, alternatives and choice architects
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
När är nudges acceptabla? : Påverkan av mottagare, teknik, alternativ och beslutsarkitekter
Abstract [en]

Interventions aimed to change behavior (so called nudges) are becoming more and more popular among policymakers. However, in order to be able to effectively use nudges, it is important to understand when and why people find them acceptable. The objective of this thesis is therefore to improve the understanding of when nudges are judged to be acceptable. The thesis focuses on a model for behavioral change. The model contains two parts, nudge technique and acceptance of nudges. Nudge technique refers to how the nudge is designed to function in regard to psychological mechanism and functionality.

The nudge technique part of the model is expanded and problematized from an ethical perspective in the first part of this thesis, by exemplifying psychological mechanisms behind different techniques and explaining why they might be intrusive to individuals’ freedom of choice. In the second part of this thesis it is discussed why acceptance is an important component of making nudging legitimate and effective. This is followed by a discussion of how acceptance is empirically measured. The empirical part of the thesis is based on four papers which all use a quantitative online survey approach to study the judgements of nudges from the general public.

Paper 1 was a first attempt to measure whether nudges which are common in the nudge literature are acceptable interventions according to the general public. We found that the nudges that were categorized as pro-self were more likely to be rated as acceptable and less likely to be perceived as intrusive to freedom of choice compared to pro-social nudges. Furthermore, the effect of decision styles and worldview on acceptance was explored. In paper 2, we explored whether the difference between acceptance found for pro-social nudges and proself nudges could be increased by framing nudges as beneficial for society or individuals. The framing had no effect on acceptance but, as in paper 1, pro-social nudges were found to be more intrusive to freedom of choice compared to pro-self framed nudges. Moreover, different nudge techniques had different rates of acceptance even with the same explicit goal for the nudges. In paper 3, we examined whether the alternative to nudges affects the perceived acceptability and intrusiveness of default-changing nudge techniques. The alternatives given to the nudges were either to enforce the intended behavioral change with legislation or to do nothing at all in order to change the behavior. We find no difference in aggregated acceptance, however, the judgements vary depending on individuals’ worldview. Paper 4 explored if the choice architect’s (the creator/proposer of the nudge) political affiliation affects acceptance rating for proposed nudge interventions and legislation. We find that acceptance of both nudges and legislation increases with the level of matching between people’s political orientation and the choice architect’s political affiliation.

Taken together, the findings suggest that there is more to creating an acceptable nudge than to merely take a nudge technique that was acceptable in one context and apply it in another. Moreover, nudges that are rated as more beneficial towards individuals compared to society at large are in general more likely to be found acceptable and less intrusive to freedom of choice. It is important to have knowledge about the target population (e.g. their decision styles, world-views, and political orientation) to avoid backfires when implementing nudges.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. p. 69
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 759Linköping Studies in Behavioural Science, ISSN 1654-2029 ; 213
National Category
Work Sciences Applied Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152788 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-152788 (DOI)9789176851609 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-12-14, I101, I-huset, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2018-11-22 Created: 2018-11-22 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved
Hagman, W., Andersson, D., Västfjäll, D. & Tinghög, G. (2015). Public Views on Policies Involving Nudges. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 6(3), 439-453
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Public Views on Policies Involving Nudges
2015 (English)In: Review of Philosophy and Psychology, ISSN 1878-5158, E-ISSN 1878-5166, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 439-453Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

When should nudging be deemed as permissible and when should it be deemed as intrusive to individuals’ freedom of choice? Should all types of nudges be judged the same? To date the debate concerning these issues has largely proceeded without much input from the general public. The main objective of this study is to elicit public views on the use of nudges in policy. In particular we investigate attitudes toward two broad categories of nudges that we label pro-self (i.e. focusing on private welfare) and pro-social (i.e. focusing on social welfare) nudges. In addition we explore how individual differences in thinking and feeling influence attitudes toward nudges. General population samples in Sweden and the United States (n=952) were presented with vignettes describing nudge-policies and rated acceptability and intrusiveness on freedom of choice. To test for individual differences, measures on cultural cognition and analytical thinking were included. Results show that the level of acceptance toward nudge-policies was generally high in both countries, but were slightly higher among Swedes than Americans. Somewhat paradoxically a majority of the respondents also perceived the presented nudge-policies as intrusive to freedom of choice. Nudge- polices classified as pro-social had a significantly lower acceptance rate compared to pro-self nudges (p<.0001). Individuals with a more individualistic worldview were less likely to perceive nudges as acceptable, while individuals more prone to analytical thinking were less likely to perceive nudges as intrusive to freedom of choice. To conclude, our findings suggest that the notion of “one-nudge- fits-all” is not tenable. Recognizing this is an important aspect both for successfully implementing nudges as well as nuancing nudge theory. 

Keywords
Nudge; Libertarian Paternalism; Acceptability; Autonomi
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119071 (URN)10.1007/s13164-015-0263-2 (DOI)
Projects
Neuroekonomi
Available from: 2015-06-08 Created: 2015-06-08 Last updated: 2021-12-28
Organisations

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