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Rudberg, D., Schenk, J., Pajala, G., Sawakuchi, H. O., Sieczko, A. K., Sundgren, I., . . . Bastviken, D. (2024). Contribution of gas concentration and transfer velocity to CO2 flux variability in northern lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 69(4), 818-833
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Contribution of gas concentration and transfer velocity to CO2 flux variability in northern lakes
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2024 (English)In: Limnology and Oceanography, ISSN 0024-3590, E-ISSN 1939-5590, Vol. 69, no 4, p. 818-833Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The CO( 2)flux (FCO2) from lakes to the atmosphere is a large component of the global carbon cycle anddepends on the air-water CO2concentration gradient (Delta CO2) and the gas transfer velocity (k). Both Delta CO2 and k can vary on multiple timescales and understanding their contributions toFCO(2)is important for explaining var-iability influxes and developing optimal sampling designs. We measuredFCO2 and Delta CO(2 )and derivedkforone full ice-free period in 18 lakes usingfloating chambers and estimated the contributions of Delta CO2 and k to FCO2 variability. Generally, kcontributed more than Delta CO2to short-term (1-9d) FCO2 variability. With in creased temporal period, the contribution of k to FCO2 variability decreased, and in some lakes resulted in Delta CO2 contrib-uting more thank to FCO2 variability over the full ice-free period. Increased contribution of Delta CO2 to FCO2 vari-ability over time occurred across all lakes but was most apparent in large-volume southern-boreal lakes and indeeper (>2m) parts of lakes, whereaskwas linked to FCO(2 )variability in shallow waters. Accordingly, knowing the variability of bothk and Delta CO(2 )over time and space is needed for accurate modeling of F CO2 from these vari-ables. We conclude that priority in FCO(2 )assessments should be given to direct measurements of FCO2 at multiplesites when possible, or otherwise from spatially distributed measurements of Delta CO(2 )combined with k- models that incorporate spatial variability of lake thermal structure and meteorology.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY, 2024
National Category
Physical Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-201170 (URN)10.1002/lno.12528 (DOI)001163039500001 ()2-s2.0-85185669928 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0083]; European Research Council (ERC) [725546]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2016-04829]; Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (FORMAS) [2018-01794]; VR [2017-00635]; US National Science Foundation (Division of Environmental Biology) [1753856]

Available from: 2024-02-26 Created: 2024-02-26 Last updated: 2025-03-13Bibliographically approved
Sieczko, A. K., Schenk, J., Rudberg, D., Nguyen, T. D., Pajala, G., Sawakuchi, H. & Bastviken, D. (2023). Data set associated with the manuscript submitted to Science of the Total Environment by Sieczko et.al 2023. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Data set associated with the manuscript submitted to Science of the Total Environment by Sieczko et.al 2023
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2023 (English)Data set
Place, publisher, year
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-192396 (URN)10.48360/y2xn-1g08 (DOI)
Available from: 2023-03-14 Created: 2023-03-14 Last updated: 2023-04-20Bibliographically approved
Pajala, G., Rudberg, D., Gålfalk, M., Melack, J. M., Macintyre, S., Karlsson, J., . . . Bastviken, D. (2023). Source data for ” Higher apparent gas transfer velocities for CO2 compared to CH4 in small lakes”. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Source data for ” Higher apparent gas transfer velocities for CO2 compared to CH4 in small lakes”
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2023 (English)Data set
Place, publisher, year
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023
Keywords
carbon dioxide, methane, lake, gas transfer, greenhouse gas, piston velocity
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190160 (URN)10.48360/2f5f-2495 (DOI)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 725546Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, 2016.0083Swedish Research Council, 2016-04829Swedish Research Council Formas, 2018-01794
Note

2023-04-06 Version 2.0 published. Minor changes in the structure of the data file. There were no changes in the data.

2023-03-23 The title was changed from

Source data for “The effects of water column dissolved oxygen concentrations on lake methane emissions: Results from a whole-lake oxygenation experiment” to "Source data for ”Higher apparent gas transfer velocities for CO2 compared to CH4 in small lakes”"

2022-11-30 Version 1.0 published.

Available from: 2022-11-24 Created: 2022-11-24 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
Rudberg, D. (2022). CO2 Emissions from Northern Lakes: Insights on regulation and spatiotemporal variability across contrasting lakes in Sweden. (Doctoral dissertation). Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>CO2 Emissions from Northern Lakes: Insights on regulation and spatiotemporal variability across contrasting lakes in Sweden
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Utsläpp av CO2 från olika sjötyper i Sverige : Insikter om reglering och variabilitet i tid och rum
Abstract [en]

Lakes cover only ~2 % of the global land area, but their connections to the surrounding catchment make them important for the global carbon cycle. A considerable amount of the carbon input to lakes is emitted to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2) through diffusive flux. This CO2 flux varies with surface water CO2 concentrations (CwCO2) and the transfer velocity of CO2 across the thin boundary layer between surface water and atmosphere (k), which both in turn depend on physical, biological, and chemical factors that interplay with lake and catchment characteristics over various time scales. Comprehensive studies of these interlinkages across lake types are rare, and current assessments of lake CO2 emissions are therefore uncertain. In this thesis, the variability and regulation of lake CO2 fluxes across a latitudinal gradient in Sweden is investigated. The thesis explores how CwCO2 and k regulate lake CO2 fluxes and how spatiotemporal patterns of CO2 fluxes vary within and across lakes.

Regulation of CO2 flux at shorter temporal scales (<1 week) was dominated by k. However, the contribution from CwCO2 increased over time making it the dominant factor for seasonal CO2 flux in some lakes. Furthermore, we show that ways of assessing k in lakes may lead to bias, possibly due to inadequate consideration of processes occurring at the upper surface layer of lakes. In the three lakes where daynight variability was studied, we found consistent patterns of higher fluxes of CO2 at daytime during periods where lakes were emitting CO2. Meanwhile, the period of lake water column turnover in autumn was crucial for both day-night variability and total lake CO2 fluxes. Based on the patterns above, we have made recommendations on improved study design for representative measurements of CO2 fluxes in lakes. In addition, we produced models for estimating CO2 flux from combinations of climatic data, satellite imagery and national lake inventory data, i.e., information that is relatively easily available and thus simplify extrapolation of flux estimates to other lakes. Patterns observed across our models suggest strong climate feedbacks, which may lead to increasing CO2 fluxes from lakes at northern latitudes along with precipitation and temperature increases there. Thus, results in this thesis urges forthcoming studies to better account for spatiotemporal variability to improve upon models that can be used for large-scale estimates and future predictions of lake CO2 fluxes.

Abstract [sv]

Sjöar täcker endast 2 % av jordens landyta, men deras kopplingar till det omgivande avrinningsområdet gör dem viktiga för den globala kolcykeln. En betydande del av koltillförseln till sjöar släpps ut i atmosfären som koldioxid (CO2), genom diffusion. Detta CO2-flöde varierar med ytvattnets koncentration av CO2 (CWCO2) och överföringshastigheten för CO2 över det tunna gränsskiktet mellan ytvatten och atmosfär (k), som båda i sin tur beror på fysikaliska, biologiska och kemiska faktorer som samverkar inom sjön och dess avrinningsområde över olika tidsskalor. Omfattande studier av dessa kopplingar mellan sjötyper är sällsynta, och som följd är bedömningar av sjöars koldioxidutsläpp osäkra. I denna avhandling undersöks variabiliteten och regleringen av sjöars CO2-flöden över en latitudinell gradient i Sverige. Avhandlingen undersöker hur CWCO2 och k reglerar sjöars CO2-flöden och hur rumsliga och tidsmässiga mönster av CO2-flöden varierar inom och mellan sjöar.

Regleringen av CO2-flöde vid kortare tidsskalor (<1 vecka) dominerades av k. Bidraget från CWCO2 ökade dock över tiden, och utgjorde den dominerande faktorn för säsongsbetonat CO2-flöde i vissa sjöar. Vi visar att metoder som används för att bedöma k i sjöar kan leda till fel uppskattningar, möjligen på grund av otillräcklig hänsyn till processer som sker vid sjöns övre ytskikt. I de tre sjöarna där dag-natt variabilitet studerades, fann vi tydliga mönster av högre CO2-flöden på dagtid under perioder där sjöar avgav CO2. Samtidigt var sjöars omsättningsperiod på hösten avgörande för både dag-natt-variabilitet och totala CO2-flöden. Baserat på mönstren ovan har vi gjort rekommendationer som syftar till hur mätningar av CO2-flöden i sjöar kan bli mer representativa. Vi har även tagit fram modeller för att uppskatta CO2-flöde från kombinationer av klimat- och satellitdata samt nationella sjöinventeringsdata, d.v.s. data som är relativt lättillgängliga och därmed underlättar extrapolering av flödesuppskattningar till andra sjöar. Mönster som observerats i våra modeller tyder på stark klimatåterkoppling, som kan leda till allt större CO2-flöden från sjöar vid norra breddgrader i takt med ökad nederbörd och temperatur där. Vi uppmanar kommande studier till ökad hänsyn av rumsliga och tidsmässiga variationer för att förbättra modeller som kan användas för storskaliga uppskattningar och framtida förutsägelser av sjöars CO2-flöden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. p. 57
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 840
Keywords
Lake, CO2 flux, Spatiotemporal variability, Empirical models, Sjö, Koldioxid-flöde, Rumsliga och tidsmässiga variationer, Empiriska modeller
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187801 (URN)10.3384/9789179294335 (DOI)9789179294328 (ISBN)9789179294335 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-06, TEMCAS, Building T, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationEU, European Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas
Available from: 2022-08-25 Created: 2022-08-25 Last updated: 2022-08-25Bibliographically approved
Schenk, J., Sieczko, A. K., Rudberg, D., Pajala, G., Sawakuchi, H. O., Gålfalk, M., . . . Bastviken, D. (2022). Evaluating Empirical Models of Lake Methane Emission and Surface Water Concentration across Hemiboreal to Subarctic Regions. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Evaluating Empirical Models of Lake Methane Emission and Surface Water Concentration across Hemiboreal to Subarctic Regions
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2022 (English)Data set, Aggregated data
Place, publisher, year
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-184624 (URN)10.48360/962r-3z54 (DOI)
Available from: 2022-04-28 Created: 2022-04-28 Last updated: 2022-05-30
Pajala, G., Sawakuchi, H. O., Rudberg, D., Schenk, J., Sieczko, A. K., Seekell, D., . . . Bastviken, D. (2022). Source data for “The effects of water column dissolved oxygen concentrations on lake methane emissions: Results from a whole-lake oxygenation experiment”. Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Source data for “The effects of water column dissolved oxygen concentrations on lake methane emissions: Results from a whole-lake oxygenation experiment”
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2022 (English)Data set, Aggregated data
Place, publisher, year
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187633 (URN)10.48360/ce6v-gb22 (DOI)
Note

History:

2022-08-22  Version 1.0 published 

2022-09-09  Version 1.1 of the dataset with minor revisions published. Version 1.0 hidden.

2023-04-17  Version 1.2 of the dataset with minor revisions published. Version 1.1 was hidden, and had been downloadet 20 times in total.

2023-09-25  Version 2.0 of the dataset with minor revisions published. Version 1.2 was hidden, and had been downloadet 11 times in total.

Available from: 2022-08-17 Created: 2022-08-17 Last updated: 2023-09-25
Schenk, J., Sawakuchi, H. O., Sieczko, A. K., Pajala, G., Rudberg, D., Hagberg, E., . . . Bastviken, D. (2021). Data associated with the manuscript "Methane in Lakes: Variability in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition and the Potential Importance of Groundwater Input". Linköping: Christoph Links Verlag
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Data associated with the manuscript "Methane in Lakes: Variability in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition and the Potential Importance of Groundwater Input"
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2021 (English)Data set, Aggregated data
Place, publisher, year
Linköping: Christoph Links Verlag, 2021
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173724 (URN)10.48360/5PPN-C440 (DOI)
Available from: 2021-03-03 Created: 2021-03-03 Last updated: 2022-03-08Bibliographically approved
Rudberg, D., Duc, N. T., Schenk, J., Sieczko, A. K., Pajala, G., Sawakuchi, H. O., . . . Bastviken, D. (2021). Diel Variability of CO2 Emissions From Northern Lakes. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, 126(10), Article ID e2021JG006246.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Diel Variability of CO2 Emissions From Northern Lakes
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2021 (English)In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences, ISSN 2169-8953, E-ISSN 2169-8961, Vol. 126, no 10, article id e2021JG006246Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Lakes are generally supersaturated in carbon dioxide (CO2) and emitters of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, estimates of CO2 flux (FCO2) from lakes are seldom based on direct flux measurements and usually do not account for nighttime emissions, yielding risk of biased assessments. Here, we present direct FCO2 measurements from automated floating chambers collected every 2-3 hr and spanning 115 24 hr periods in three boreal lakes during summer stratification and before and after autumn mixing in the most eutrophic lake of these. We observed 40%-67% higher mean FCO2 in daytime during periods of surface water CO2 supersaturation in all lakes. Day-night differences in wind speed were correlated with the day-night FCO2 differences in the two larger lakes, but in the smallest and most wind-sheltered lake peaks of FCO2 coincided with low-winds at night. During stratification in the eutrophic lake, CO2 was near equilibrium and diel variability of FCO2 insignificant, but after autumn mixing FCO2 was high with distinct diel variability making this lake a net CO2 source on an annual basis. We found that extrapolating daytime measurements to 24 hr periods overestimated FCO2 by up to 30%, whereas extrapolating measurements from the stratified period to annual rates in the eutrophic lake underestimated FCO2 by 86%. This shows the importance of accounting for diel and seasonal variability in lake CO2 emission estimates.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Hoboken, United States: Wiley-Blackwell, 2021
Keywords
carbon dioxide fluxes; diel variability; automated flux chambers; lake greenhouse gas emissions; autumn mixing
National Category
Physical Geography
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181023 (URN)10.1029/2021JG006246 (DOI)000711969900032 ()2-s2.0-85118228286 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding Agencies: Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0083]; European Research Council (ERC) [725546]; Swedish Research Council, European Commission [2017-00635, 2016-04829]; FORMAS (the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development) [2018-01794]

Available from: 2021-11-16 Created: 2021-11-16 Last updated: 2022-08-25Bibliographically approved
Schenk, J., Sawakuchi, H. O., Sieczko, A. K., Pajala, G., Rudberg, D., Hagberg, E., . . . Bastviken, D. (2021). Methane in Lakes: Variability in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition and the Potential Importance of Groundwater Input. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, Article ID 722215.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methane in Lakes: Variability in Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition and the Potential Importance of Groundwater Input
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2021 (English)In: Frontiers in Earth Science, E-ISSN 2296-6463, Vol. 9, article id 722215Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Methane (CH4) is an important component of the carbon (C) cycling in lakes. CH4 production enables carbon in sediments to be either reintroduced to the food web via CH4 oxidation or emitted as a greenhouse gas making lakes one of the largest natural sources of atmospheric CH4. Large stable carbon isotopic fractionation during CH4 oxidation makes changes in 13C:12C ratio (δ13C) a powerful and widely used tool to determine the extent to which lake CH4 is oxidized, rather than emitted. This relies on correct δ13C values of original CH4 sources, the variability of which has rarely been investigated systematically in lakes. In this study, we measured δ13C in CH4 bubbles in littoral sediments and in CH4 dissolved in the anoxic hypolimnion of six boreal lakes with different characteristics. The results indicate that δ13C of CH4 sources is consistently higher (less 13C depletion) in littoral sediments than in deep waters across boreal and subarctic lakes. Variability in organic matter substrates across depths is a potential explanation. In one of the studied lakes available data from nearby soils showed correspondence between δ13C-CH4 in groundwater and deep lake water, and input from the catchment of CH4 via groundwater exceeded atmospheric CH4 emissions tenfold over a period of 1 month. It indicates that lateral hydrological transport of CH4 can explain the observed δ13C-CH4 patterns and be important for lake CH4 cycling. Our results have important consequences for modelling and process assessments relative to lake CH4 using δ13C, including for CH4 oxidation, which is a key regulator of lake CH4 emissions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lausanne, Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A., 2021
Keywords
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, stable carbon isotope, methane, lake, groundwater, endmember
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181136 (URN)10.3389/feart.2021.722215 (DOI)000717647200001 ()2-s2.0-85118920484 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, European Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council FormasKnut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Note

Funding: European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeEuropean Research Council (ERC) [725546]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission [201604829]; FORMASSwedish Research Council Formas [2018-01794]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0083]

Available from: 2021-11-17 Created: 2021-11-17 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Rudberg, D., Thanh Duc, N., Schenk, J., Sieczko, A. K., Gustav, P., Sawakuchi, H. O., . . . Bastviken, D. (2020). Source data for "Diel variability of CO2 emissions from Northern lakes and the effect of lake mixing". Linköping
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Source data for "Diel variability of CO2 emissions from Northern lakes and the effect of lake mixing"
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2020 (English)Data set, Aggregated data
Place, publisher, year
Linköping: , 2020
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171877 (URN)10.48360/bn1m-1287 (DOI)
Available from: 2020-12-10 Created: 2020-12-10 Last updated: 2022-03-08
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-0934-2077

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