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Improving the contrast of all-printed electrochromic polymer on paper displays
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Acreo AB.
University of Florida.
University of Florida.
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2009 (English)In: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, ISSN 0959-9428 , Vol. 19, no 13, p. 1799-1802Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

PEDOT:PSS-based electrochromic displays have been explored for manufacture on flexible paper substrates in roll-to-roll printing presses at high volumes and low costs. Here, we report the improvement of the optical contrast of such devices by adding an extra layer of a dihexyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Hx2) to complement the optical absorption spectrum of PEDOT: PSS. The oxidized state of PProDOT-Hx2 is highly transparent and is an intense magenta color while in the reduced state. By adding a layer of PProDOT-Hx2 directly on top of PEDOT: PSS, we were able to improve the optical contrast by nearly a factor of two. In this report, we present optical and electrochemical data of PProDOT-Hx2/PEDOT: PSS-based electrochromic paper displays and compare their performance with PEDOT: PSS-only equivalents.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2009. Vol. 19, no 13, p. 1799-1802
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17504DOI: 10.1039/b820677eOAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-17504DiVA, id: diva2:209886
Available from: 2009-03-27 Created: 2009-03-27 Last updated: 2017-02-03
In thesis
1. Electrochemical Switching in Conducting Polymers – Printing Paper Electronics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Electrochemical Switching in Conducting Polymers – Printing Paper Electronics
2008 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

During the last 30 years a new research and technology field of organic electronic materials has grown thanks to a groundbreaking discovery made during the late 70’s. This new field is today a worldwide research effort focusing on exploring a new class of materials that also enable many new areas of electronics applications. The reason behind the success of organic electronics is the flexibility to develop materials with new functionalities via clever chemical design and the possibility to use low‐cost production techniques to manufacture devices.

This thesis reports different aspects of electrochemical applications of organic electronics. We have shown that the color contrast in reflective and transmissive electrochromic displays can be almost doubled by adding an extra electrochromic polymer. The choice of electrochromic material was found to be limited by its electrochemical over‐oxidation (ECO) properties, which is one of the main degradation mechanisms found in displays. The irreversible and non‐conducting nature of over‐oxidized films encouraged us to use it in a novel patterning process in which polythiophene films can be patterned through local and controlled deactivation of the conductivity. ECO can be combined with various patterning tools such as screen printing for low‐cost roll‐to‐roll manufacturing or photolithography, which enables patterning of small features. Studies have shown that electronic conductivity contrasts beyond 107 can be achieved, which is enough for various simple electronic systems. To generate better understanding of the ECO phenomenon, the effect of pH on the over‐oxidation characteristics was studied. The results suggest that a part of the mechanism for over‐oxidation depends on the OH– concentration of the electrolyte used. Over‐oxidation has also been used in electrochemical loggers, where the temperature and time dependence of the propagation of an over‐oxidation front is used to monitor and record the temperature of a package.

Abstract [sv]

Dagligen kommer vi i kontakt med olika plastmaterial. Dessa har vanligtvis mycket dålig elektrisk ledningsförmåga och används oftast som isolerande material. Det finns dock en klass av plaster som är halvledande eller ledande. Sedan upptäckten av dessa material för mer än 30 år sedan har nya material och användningsområden utvecklats och nu börjar de första produkterna baserad på organisk elektronik komma ut på marknaden. En stor fördel med de ledande plasterna är att egenskaperna kan anpassas genom att ändra den kemiska strukturen. Man kan dessutom lösa upp dem och skapa ledande bläck, som sedan kan användas i vanliga tryckmaskiner. Detta gör det möjligt att på ett enkelt och billigt sätt tillverka elektronik på liknande sätt som till exempel tidningar trycks idag.

Den här avhandlingen behandlar en del av det nya området som berör elektrokemiska komponenter och några av dess tillämpningar. Fokus ligger främst på billig, tryckt elektronik. Bland annat presenteras ett sätt att fördubbla kontrasten för tryckta pappersdisplayer, ett nytt sätt att mönstra ledande plaster och elektrokemisk temperaturloggningsetikett som kan övervaka temperaturen för förpackningar under transport. Den mekanism som förstör ledningsförmågan vid höga spänningar har varit ett återkommande inslag i de studier som har genomförts här. Denna mekanism förstör komponenterna under drift men kan också användas för att ta bort ledningsförmågan som mönstringsmetod eller för att lagra information, permanent, i temperaturloggningsetiketten.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2008. p. 37
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1212
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15132 (URN)9789173938013 (ISBN)
Public defence
2008-10-10, K3, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2008-10-17 Created: 2008-10-17 Last updated: 2020-03-24Bibliographically approved

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Tehrani, PaymanBerggren , Magnus

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