Abstract models and theoretical concepts related to health-care priority setting are of little use to us in the absence of a real-world context where they can be applied. Continuing on the work by Heiner Raspe from Chap. 7, this chapter outlines seven lessons learned from the initiatives of explicit or open priority setting undertaken in the State of Oregon in the United States and in Sweden. These real-world experiences of explicit priority setting also serve as practical examples of approaches that have, from the outset, emphasized two opposing views on distributive fairness, maximizing health benefit within the population versus giving priority to those with the greatest need.