BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automatic brain parcellation is typically performed on dedicated MR imaging sequences, which require valuable examination time. In this study, a 3D MR imaging quantification sequence to retrieve R-1 and R-2 relaxation rates and proton density maps was used to synthesize a T1-weighted image stack for brain volume measurement, thereby combining image data for multiple purposes. The repeatability and reproducibility of using the conventional and synthetic input data were evaluated.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve subjects with a mean age of 54?years were scanned twice at 1.5T and 3T with 3D-QALAS and a conventionally acquired T1-weighted sequence. Using SyMRI, we converted the R-1, R-2, and proton density maps into synthetic T1-weighted images. Both the conventional T1-weighted and the synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery images were processed for brain parcellation by NeuroQuant. Bland-Altman statistics were used to correlate the volumes of 12 brain structures. The coefficient of variation was used to evaluate the repeatability.RESULTS: A high correlation with medians of 0.97 for 1.5T and 0.92 for 3T was found. A high repeatability was shown with a median coefficient of variation of 1.2% for both T1-weighted and synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery at 1.5T, and 1.5% for T1-weighted imaging and 4.4% for synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery at 3T. However, significant biases were observed between the methods and field strengths.CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to perform MR imaging quantification of R-1, R-2, and proton density maps to synthesize a 3D-T1-weighted image stack, which can be used for automatic brain parcellation. Synthetic parameter settings should be reinvestigated to reduce the observed bias.