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Are elderly people with co-morbidities involved adequately in medical decision making when hospitalised?: A cross-sectional survey
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, Hälsa, Aktivitet, Vård (HAV). Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Närsjukvården i östra Östergötland, Geriatriska kliniken ViN.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, NISAL - Nationella institutet för forskning om äldre och åldrande. Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten.ORCID-id: 0000-0003-2191-4728
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, Hälsa, Aktivitet, Vård (HAV). Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Närsjukvården i västra Östergötland, Forsknings- och utvecklingsenheten för Närsjukvården i Östergötland.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, Hälsa, Aktivitet, Vård (HAV). Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Närsjukvården i östra Östergötland, Palliativt kompetenscentrum.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-9606-3238
2011 (Engelska)Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics, ISSN 1471-2318, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 11, nr 46Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

BACKGROUND:

Medical decision making has long been in focus, but little is known of the preferences and conditions for elderly people with co-morbidities to participate in medical decision making. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the preferred and the actual degree of control, i.e. the role elderly people with co-morbidities wish to assume and actually had with regard to information and participation in medical decision making during their last stay in hospital.This study was a cross-sectional survey including three Swedish hospitals with acute admittance. The participants were patients aged 75 years and above with three or more diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and three or more hospitalisations during the last year.

METHODS:

We used a questionnaire combined with a telephone interview, using the Control Preference Scale to measure each participant's preferred and actual role in medical decision making during their last stay in hospital. Additional questions were asked about barriers to participation in decision making and preferred information seeking role. The results are presented with descriptive statistics with kappa weights.

RESULTS:

Of the 297 elderly patients identified, 52.5% responded (n = 156, 46.5% male). Mean age was 83.1 years. Of the respondents, 42 of 153 patients said that they were not asked for their opinion (i.e. no shared decision making). Among the other 111 patients, 49 had their exact preferred level of participation, 37 had less participation than they would have preferred, and 23 had more responsibility than they would have preferred. Kappa statistics showed a moderate agreement between preferred and actual role (κw = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45-0.69). Most patients wanted to be given more information without having to ask. There was no correlation between age, gender, or education and preferred role. 35% of the patients agreed that they experienced some of the various barriers to decision making that they were asked about: 1) the severity of their illness, 2) doctors with different treatment strategies, 3) difficulty understanding the medical information, and 4) difficulty understanding doctors who did not speak the patient's own language.

CONCLUSIONS:

Physicians are not fully responsive to patient preferences regarding either the degree of communication or the patient's participation in decision making. Barriers to participation can be a problem, and should be taken into account more often when dealing with hospitalised elderly people.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
London, UK: BioMed Central Ltd. , 2011. Vol. 11, nr 46
Nyckelord [en]
decision making, elderly
Nationell ämneskategori
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70696DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-11-46OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-70696DiVA, id: diva2:441100
Tillgänglig från: 2011-09-20 Skapad: 2011-09-14 Senast uppdaterad: 2017-12-08Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Frail and Elderly Hospital Patients: The Challenge of Participation in Medical Decision Making
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Frail and Elderly Hospital Patients: The Challenge of Participation in Medical Decision Making
2012 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Background: In research, patient participation in medical decision-making has been shown to be associated with higher patient satisfaction and improvement of treatment outcomes. But when it comes to patient participation when being old and frail there are pitfalls and the research in this area is sparse.

The aim of this thesis is to explore participation in medical decision making of the frail elderly patient in hospital from the perspectives of patients themselves and the health care staff. In this thesis frail, elderly patients is defined as individuals 75 years old or older, who during the past 12 months have received inpatient hospital care three or more times and who have three or more diagnoses in three or more diagnostic groups according to the classification system ICD-10.

The participants were frail patients’ in hospital or newly discharged and it was health care personnel working with frail elderly patients. In three of the studies the method was mainly qualitative (Paper I, III, IV) and in one (Paper II) quantitative. The qualitative methods were one-to-one tape-recorded interviews of 25 patients (Paper I and IV), 18 personnel (III and IV), 5 focus group interviews of physicians (Paper III) and 26 days of observations in hospital wards (IV). Chosen methodologies of analysis were content analysis and Grounded Theory. The quantitative study (II) was a cross-sectional survey using telephone interviews with patients (n= 156). This material was descriptively analysed and examined using weighted kappa statistics.

Results: The results reported in Paper II show that elderly patients generally want to participate more in medical decision making than they do, though preferences for degree of participation are highly individualized – both findings important to consider in clinical practice.

According to the patients important key concepts of patient participation in medical decision making are to be listened to and to be informed (Paper I). The main reasons for not being able to participate included having many illnesses and generally, overall bad medical condition (Paper II). Also, cited as a problem was difficulty in understanding medical information, for example when given by a foreign-speaking physician (Paper I, II and IV). Frail, elderly patients complained that they were less informed than was their preference (Paper I, II and IV).

Moderate agreement was obtained between patient’s preferred and actual roles in medical decision making. Patients often expressed gratitude and confidence in their health care (Paper I and IV), but also, sympathy for stressed health care personnel who had so much to do.

The frail elderly patients do sometimes feel like a burden to the health care (Paper I and IV). The professionals gave expressions of trying to avoid taking care of frail elderly patients and at the same time expressions of frustration and bad conscience not being able to take good care of them due to lack of time and lack of beds (Paper III, IV). Especially the physicians felt they were trapped between the needs of the patients’ and the remunerations system rewarding time-constricted health care production (number of investigations, operations, easy accessibility) – not a time-consuming holistic view on all illnesses and medications including communication with the patients and all caregivers involved (Paper III).

Both patients and the professionals perceive the hospital as some kind of “institution of power”, difficult to challenge, and the decisions of which one has to accept.

Conclusion: In this thesis there are shown a number of challenges to participation in medical decision making by frail, elderly patients, which thus limits quality of care for this patient group. Health care is revealed as not well adapted to meet these patients’ complex needs. A model is presented that explains how the organisation of health care, and the reimbursement system, does not facilitate a holistic view. The health care professionals appear to adapt to the organisation and the remuneration system, which leads to practices, such as, rapid discharges and a tendency to examine the patient for only one or a few problems. Finally a suggestion for a model to improve care of frail elderly patients is presented. This model includes the need of more hospital wards being able to work with a holistic view, better skills in gerontology and geriatrics and a more adapted remuneration system for the frail, elderly patients.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012. s. 84
Serie
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1297
Nationell ämneskategori
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81408 (URN)978-91-7519-947-4 (ISBN)
Disputation
2012-10-05, K1, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Linköpings universitet, Norrköping, 09:00 (Svenska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2012-09-13 Skapad: 2012-09-13 Senast uppdaterad: 2019-12-10Bibliografiskt granskad

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