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The professional culture among physicians in Sweden: potential implications for patient safety
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Region Östergötland, Ledningsstab Region Östergötland, Övrig enhet.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten. Region Östergötland, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Thorax-kärlkliniken i Östergötland.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, Avdelningen för samhällsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Medicinska fakulteten.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-9116-8156
2018 (Engelska)Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research, E-ISSN 1472-6963, Vol. 18, nr 1, artikel-id 543Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Background

Patient safety culture, i.e. a subset of an organization’s culture, has become an important focus of patient safety research. An organization’s culture consists of many cultures, underscoring the importance of studying subcultures. Professional subcultures in health care are potentially important from a patient safety point of view. Physicians have an important role to play in the effort to improve patient safety. The aim was to explore physicians’ shared values and norms of potential relevance for patient safety in Swedish health care.

Methods

Data were collected through group and individual interviews with 28 physicians in 16 semi-structured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim before being analysed with an inductive approach.

Results

Two overarching themes, “the competent physician” and “the integrated yet independent physician”, emerged from the interview data. The former theme consists of the categories Infallible and Responsible, while the latter theme consists of the categories Autonomous and Team player. The two themes and four categories express physicians’ values and norms that create expectations for the physicians’ behaviours that might have relevance for patient safety.

Conclusions

Physicians represent a distinct professional subculture in Swedish health care. Several aspects of physicians’ professional culture may have relevance for patient safety. Expectations of being infallible reduce their willingness to talk about errors they make, thus limiting opportunities for learning from errors. The autonomy of physicians is associated with expectations to act independently, and they use their decisional latitude to determine the extent to which they engage in patient safety. The physicians perceived that organizational barriers make it difficult to live up to expectations to assume responsibility for patient safety. Similarly, expectations to be part of multi-professional teams were deemed difficult to fulfil. It is important to recognize the implications of a multi-faceted perspective on the culture of health care organizations, including physicians’ professional culture, in efforts to improve patient safety.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
BioMed Central, 2018. Vol. 18, nr 1, artikel-id 543
Nyckelord [en]
Physicians, Patient safety, Safety culture, Qualitative research
Nationell ämneskategori
Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149792DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3328-yISI: 000438433700009PubMedID: 29996832Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85049780334OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-149792DiVA, id: diva2:1234153
Tillgänglig från: 2018-07-23 Skapad: 2018-07-23 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-09-15Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Patient Safety - Cultural Perspectives
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Patient Safety - Cultural Perspectives
2018 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Background: Shared values, norms and beliefs of relevance for safety in health care can be described in terms of patient safety culture. This concept overlaps with patient safety climate, but culture represents the deeprooted values, norms and beliefs, whereas climate refers to attitudes and more superficial manifestations of culture. There may be numerous subcultures within an organization, including different professional cultures. In recent years, increased attention has been paid to patient safety culture in Sweden, and the patient safety culture/climate in health care is regularly measured based on the assumption that patient safety culture/climate can influence various patient safety outcomes.

Aim: The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to an improved understanding of patient safety culture and subcultures in Swedish health care.

Design and methods: The thesis is based on four studies applying different methods. Study 1 was a survey that included 23,781 respondents. Data were analysed with quantitative methods, with primarily descriptive results. Studies 2 and 3 were qualitative studies, involving interviews with a total of 28 registered nurses, 24 nurse assistants and 28 physicians. Interview data were analysed using content analysis. Study 4 evaluated an intervention intended to influence patient safety culture and included data from a questionnaire with both fixed and open-ended questions, which was answered by 200 respondents.

Results: A key result from Study 1 was that professional groups differed in terms of their views and statements about patient safety culture/ climate. Registered nurses and nurse assistants in Study 2 were found to have partially overlapping norms, values and beliefs concerning patient safety, which were identified at individual, interpersonal and organizational level. Study 3 found four categories of values and norms among physicians of potential relevance for patient safety. Predominantly positive perceptions were found in Study 4 concerning the Walk Rounds intervention among frontline staff members, local managers and top-level managers who participated in the intervention. However, there were also reflections on disadvantages and some suggestions for improvement.

Conclusions: According to the results of the patient safety culture/ climate questionnaire, perceptions about safety culture/climate dimensions contribute more to the rating of overall patient safety than background characteristics (e.g. profession and years of experience). There are differences in the patient safety culture between registered nurses and nurse assistants, which imply that efforts for improved patient safety must be tailored to their respective values, norms and beliefs. Several aspects of physicians’ professional culture may have relevance for patient safety. Expectations of being infallible reduce their willingness to talk about errors they make, thus limiting opportunities for learning from errors. Walk Rounds are perceived to contribute to increased learning concerning patient safety and could potentially have a positive influence on patient safety culture.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. s. 70
Serie
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1608
Nationell ämneskategori
Omvårdnad
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147278 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-147278 (DOI)9789176853672 (ISBN)
Disputation
2018-05-14, Bella Donna, Campus US, Linköping, 13:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Anmärkning

Mindre typografiska fel är korrigerade i den elektroniska versionen. / Minor typographic errors are corrected in the electronic version.

Tillgänglig från: 2018-04-12 Skapad: 2018-04-12 Senast uppdaterad: 2019-09-30Bibliografiskt granskad

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