Control over the Phase Formation in Metastable Transition Metal Nitride Thin Films by Tuning the Al+ Subplantation DepthShow others and affiliations
2019 (English)In: Coatings, ISSN 2079-6412, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 17
Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
The performance of transition metal nitride based coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering, in a broad range of applications including wear-protective coatings on cutting tools and components in automotive engines, is determined by their phase content. The classical example is the precipitation of thermodynamically-favored wurtzite-AlN while alloying TiN with Al to obtain ternary single phase NaCl-structure films with improved high-temperature oxidation resistance. Here, we report on reactive high-power impulse and direct current magnetron co-sputtering (HiPIMS/DCMS) growth of Ti0.31Al0.69N and Zr0.48Al0.52N thin films. The Al concentrations are intentionally chosen to be higher than theoretically predicted solubility limits for the rock salt structure. The goal is to investigate the effect of the incident Al+ energy E-Al(+), controlled by varying the amplitude of the substrate bias applied synchronously with the Al+-rich portion of the ion flux from the Al-HiPIMS source, on the crystalline phase formation. For EAl+ amp;lt;= 60 eV, films contain predominantly the wurtzite phase. With increasing E-Al(+), and thus, the Al subplantation depth, the relative fraction of the NaCl structure increases and eventually for E-Al(+) amp;gt; 250 eV, Ti0.31Al0.69N and Zr0.48Al0.52N layers contain more than 95% of the rock salt phase. Thus, the separation of the film forming species in time and energy domains determines the phase formation of Ti0.31Al0.69N and Zr0.48Al0.52N layers and enables the growth of the cubic phase outside of the predicted Al concentration range. The new film growth concept can be applied to the entire family of multinary transition metal aluminum nitrides, where one of the metallic film constituents is available in the ionized form while the other arrives as neutral.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI , 2019. Vol. 9, no 1, article id 17
Keywords [en]
HiPIMS; TiAlN; PVD; ZrAlN; magnetron sputtering; solubility
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154701DOI: 10.3390/coatings9010017ISI: 000457786200017OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-154701DiVA, id: diva2:1292633
Note
Funding Agencies|German Research Foundation (DFG) [SFB-TR 87]; VINN Excellence Center Functional Nanoscale Materials (FunMat-2) [2016-05156]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW2016.0358]; Aforsk Foundation [16-359]; Swedish Research Council VR [2018-03957]; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse contract [CTS 17:166]; VR-RFI [821-2012-5144]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [RIF14-0053]
2019-02-282019-02-282019-03-15