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Are commuter train timetables consistent with passengers' valuations of waiting times and in-vehicle crowding?
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), Stockholm.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9535-0617
Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Communications and Transport Systems. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket), Solna.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1789-9238
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm.
2022 (English)In: Transport Policy, ISSN 0967-070X, E-ISSN 1879-310X, Vol. 116, p. 188-198Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Social cost-benefit analysis is often used to analyse transport investments, and can also be used for transport operation planning and capacity allocation. If it is to be used for resolving capacity conflicts, however, it is important to know whether transit agencies' timetable requests are consistent with the cost-benefit framework, which is based on passenger preferences. We show how a public transport agency's implicit valuations of waiting time and crowding can be estimated by analysing timetables, apply the method to commuter train timetables in Stockholm, and compare the implicit valuations to the corresponding passenger valuations in the official Swedish cost-benefit analysis guidelines. The results suggest that the agency puts a slightly lower value on waiting time and crowding than the passenger valuations codified in the official guidelines. We discuss possible reasons for this and implications for using cost-benefit analysis for capacity allocation. We also find that optimal frequencies are more sensitive to the waiting time valuation than to that of crowding.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022. Vol. 116, p. 188-198
Keywords [en]
Waiting time, Crowding, Cost-benefit analysis, Implicit preference, Commuter train
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-181610DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.11.025ISI: 000751667100001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-181610DiVA, id: diva2:1616725
Projects
SamEff
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration
Note

Funding: Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) [samhadllsekonomiskt effektiv tilldelning av kapacitet pa jadrnvadgar]

Available from: 2021-12-03 Created: 2021-12-03 Last updated: 2023-01-10Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Methods for Capacity Allocation in Deregulated Railway Markets
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methods for Capacity Allocation in Deregulated Railway Markets
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Faced with increasing challenges, railways around Europe have recently undergone major reforms aiming to improve the efficiency and competitiveness of the railway sector. New market structures such as vertical separation, deregulation and open access can allow for reduced public expenditures, increased market competition, and more efficient railway systems.

However, these structures have introduced new challenges for managing infrastructure and operations. Railway capacity allocation, previously internally performed within monopolistic national companies, are now conferred to an infrastructure manager. The manager is responsible for transparent and efficient allocation of available capacity to the different (often competing) licensed railway undertakings.

This thesis aims at developing a number of methods that can help allocate capacity in a deregulated (vertically separated) railway market. It focuses on efficiency in terms of social welfare, and transparency in terms of clarity and fairness. The work is concerned with successive allocation of capacity for publicly controlled and commercial traffic within a segmented railway market.

The contributions include cost benefit analysis methods that allow public transport authorities to assess the social welfare of their traffic, and create efficient schedules. The thesis also describes a market-based transparent capacity allocation where infrastructure managers price commercial train paths to solve capacity conflicts with publicly controlled traffic. Additionally, solution methods are developed to help estimate passenger demand, which is a necessary input both for resolving conflicts, and for creating efficient timetables.

Future capacity allocation in deregulated markets may include solution methods from this thesis. However, further experimentations are still required to address concerns such as data, legislation and acceptability. Moreover, future works can include prototyping and pilot projects on the proposed solutions, and investigating legal and digitalisation strategies to facilitate the implementation of such solutions.

Abstract [sv]

Med ökande utmaningar har järnvägar runt om i Europa genomgått stora reformer som syftar till att förbättra järnvägssektorns effektivitet och konkurrenskraft. Nya marknadsstrukturer såsom vertikal separering, avreglering och öppet tillträde för flera operatörer kan möjliggöra minskade offentliga kostnader, ökad marknadskonkurrens och effektivare järnvägssystem.

Denna omreglering av järnvägsmarknaderna har dock skapat nya utmaningar för hanteringen av järnvägsinfrastruktur och drift. Tilldelning av järnvägskapacitet, vilket tidigare sköttes inom nationella monopolföretag, måste nu göras av en infrastrukturförvaltare (infrastructure manager). Förvaltarens kapacitetstilldelning till olika (ofta konkurrerande) licensierade järnvägsföretag (railway undertakings) måste samtidigt vara transparent, rättvis och leda till ett effektivt kapacitetsutnyttjande.

I denna avhandling utvecklas metoder som kan användas av en infrastrukturförvaltare för att tilldela kapacitet i en avreglerad järnvägsmarknad. Den fokuserar på samhällsekonomiskt effektiva utfall men även transparens, tydlighet och rättvisa.

Avhandlingens bidrag omfattar samhällsekonomiska analysmetoder som gör det möjligt för regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter att bedöma den samhällsekonomiska effektiviteten för deras trafikering och skapa ett effektivt utbud. Med dessa metoder som utgångspunkt beskrivs en marknadsbaserad och transparent tilldelningsprocess för kapacitet där infrastrukturförvaltare prissätter kommersiella tåglägen för att lösa kapacitetskonflikter med offentligt kontrollerad trafik. Dessutom utvecklas optimeringsmetoder för att estimera passagerarefterfrågan och för att skapa effektiva tågtidtabeller.

Framtida kapacitetstilldelning på avreglerade marknader kan inkludera lösningsmetoder från denna avhandling. Ytterligare experiment krävs dock fortfarande för att hantera problem såsom data, lagstiftning och godtagbarhet. Dessutom kan framtida arbete omfatta prototyper och pilotprojekt av de föreslagna lösningarna och undersöka lagliga och digitaliseringsstrategier för att underlätta implementeringen av sådana lösningar.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2020. p. 51
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2101
Keywords
railway capacity, capacity allocation, train timetable, cost benefit analysis, deregulated market, spårkapacitet, kapacitetstilldelning, tågtidtabell, samhällsekonomisk analys, avreglerad marknad
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170193 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-170193 (DOI)9789179297718 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-11-16, Online through Zoom (contact abderrahman.ait.ali@liu.se) and TPM51, Täppan, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-10-01 Created: 2020-10-01 Last updated: 2021-12-03Bibliographically approved

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Ait Ali, AbderrahmanEliasson, Jonas

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