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Product-Service System Designing for Environmental Sustainability: Insights into Design Cognition of Experienced Product Developers
Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4553-9141
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The overall objective of this research is to support practitioners within the manufacturing industry to effectively design product-service system (PSS)-based solutions with relatively lower environmental impacts than typical product-centric solutions. Design research methodology (DRM) is applied to systematically address this objective with both descriptive and prescriptive approaches. The research draws empirical insights from a pool of 68 experienced product developers from the manufacturing industry. Initially, a generic model to predict the variant nature of domain-specific design cognition is conceptualized. 

Using this conceptual framework, differences in design cognition between conceptual product and PSS designing are theoretically predicted and empirically tested using protocol analysis. Based on a statistical comparison of the findings, the cognitive nature of PSS designing is descriptively characterized in relation to that of typical product designing. The results suggest that PSS designing is more problem-focused and applies a similar level of focus on the highest level of systems abstraction as product designing. A deeper investigation into PSS designing revealed that compared to product aspects, relatively less focus was afforded to the service aspects, interactions between product and service aspects, and the aspects regarding the overall PSS. Based on these findings, it was inferred that the cohort might need PSS domain-specific support to effectively design such systems. Three design support prescriptions were developed based on the improved understanding of the cognitive characteristics of PSS designing. One of these prescriptions, termed the PSS design schema, was developed using the method of literature analysis and synthesis. The other two prescriptions, termed lifecycle function deployment (LFD) and systemic lifecycle engineering, were developed using the method of action design research (ADR). Subsequently, the effects of the PSS design schema were descriptively tested using protocol analysis, and those of the other two prescriptions were assessed with a lifecycle assessment (LCA) of the design outcomes. 

The effects of the PSS design schema point towards significant changes in the cognitive characteristics of PSS designing. The effects of the other two prescriptions point towards significant reductions in the potential environmental impacts of the concepts when compared with the respective existing productcentric offerings that were redesigned using the support. Based on these empirical findings, the conceptual framework is refined and extended to conceptualize and hypothesize the interplays of pre-existing domain-specific knowledge of the designers and the effects of design support on design cognition. 

Abstract [sv]

Det övergripande målet med denna forskning är att stödja utvecklare inom tillverkningsindustrin att effektivt skapa lösningar baserat på produkttjänstesystem (eng. product-service system (PSS)) som har en lägre miljöpåverkan än typiska produktcentrerade lösningar. För att uppfylla detta syfte tillämpas en systematisk forskningsmetodik kallad DRM. Detta tillvägagångssätt möjliggör både beskrivande och föreskrivande forskning. I forskningen nyttjas en resurs bestående av 68 erfarna produktutvecklare från tillverkningsindustrin för att uppnå empiriska resultat. I ett första stadie utvecklas en generisk modell för att förutsäga karaktären av domänspecifik designkognition.

Genom att tillämpa detta konceptuella ramverk förutsägs och undersöks skillnader i designkognition vid utveckling av både produkter och PSS. I ramverket används protokollanalys för att sätta empiri mot teori. Sedan, baserat på statistisk bearbetning och jämförelse av forskningsdata, beskrivs kognitiva kännetecken för PSS-utformning i förhållande till rutinmässig produktutveckling. Det indikeras att utformning av PSS-lösningar är mer problemfokuserat än för produkter. Däremot kräver båda lika stort fokus vid hög abstraktionsnivå. Vid djupdykning inom PSS-utformning visas att begränsat och inkonsekvent fokus tilldelas aspekter inom tjänster, interaktioner mellan produkter och tjänster samt övergripande för PSS. Baserat på dessa resultat drogs slutsatsen att utvecklare kan behöva domänspecifikt stöd för att effektivt kunna utforma PSS.

Med grund i den förbättrade förståelsen av kognitiva kännetecken för PSS-utformning utvecklades tre metoder som stödjer under designstadiet. En av dessa, benämnd designschemat för PSS, utvecklades genom litteraturanalys och -syntes. De andra två metoderna – driftsättning av livscykelfunktionalitet och systematisk livscykelteknik – utvecklades genom en aktionsforskningsmetod. Effekterna av designschemat för PSS undersöktes och beskrevs genom protokollanalys medan de andra två evaluerades genom att tillämpa livscykelanalys (LCA) på det som utformats.

De identifierade effekterna av designschemat för PSS pekar på betydande förändringar i de kognitiva kännetecknen för PSS-utformning. Genom att använda det utvecklade stödet pekar de andra två metoderna mot betydande minskning av konceptens potentiella miljöpåverkan jämfört med respektive omarbetat produkterbjudande. Baserat på de empiriska designkognitionsresultaten förfinades och utökades det konceptuella ramverket till att konceptualisera och hypotetisera samspelet mellan redan existerande domänspecifik kunskap hos utvecklare och effekten av stöd vid utformning PSS-lösningar.

Abstract [kn]

ಸಾರಾಂಶ

ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ-ಕೇಂದ್ರಿತ ಪರಿಹಾರಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಪರಿಸರ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ-ಸೇವಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ (PSS) ಆಧಾರಿತ ಪರಿಹಾರಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಉತ್ಪಾದನಾ ಉದ್ಯಮದೊಳಗಿನ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸಕಾರರನ್ನು ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸುವುದು ಈ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯ ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಉದ್ದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ. ಡಿಸೈನ್ ರಿಸರ್ಚ್ ಮೆಥಡಾಲಜಿ (DRM) ಅನ್ನು ಕ್ರಮಬದ್ಧವಾಗಿ ಈ ಗುರಿಯನ್ನು ವಿವರಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಿಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟಿವ್ ಆಪ್-ಪ್ರೋಚ್‌ಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಪರಿಹರಿಸಲು ಅನ್ವಯಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯು ಉತ್ಪಾದನಾ ಉದ್ಯಮದಿಂದ 68 ಅನುಭವಿ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ಡೆವಲಪರ್‌ಗಳ ಪೂಲ್‌ನಿಂದ ಪ್ರಾಯೋಗಿಕ ಒಳನೋಟಗಳನ್ನು ಸೆಳೆಯುತ್ತದೆ. ಆರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ, ಡೊಮೇನ್-ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಅರಿವಿನ ಭಿನ್ನ ಸ್ವರೂಪವನ್ನು ಊಹಿಸಲು ಜೆನರ್-ಐಸಿ ಮಾದರಿಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ.

ಈ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನಾ ಚೌಕಟ್ಟನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು, ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನಾ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ಮತ್ತು ಪಿಎಸ್ಎಸ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ನಡುವಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಅರಿವಿನ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸಗಳನ್ನು ಸೈದ್ಧಾಂತಿಕವಾಗಿ ಊಹಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರೋಟೋಕಾಲ್ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಪ್ರಾಯೋಗಿಕವಾಗಿ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗಳ ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶಗಳ ಹೋಲಿಕೆಯ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ, ಪಿಎಸ್ಎಸ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಅರಿವಿನ ಸ್ವರೂಪವು ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದಂತೆ ವಿವರಣಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ನಿರೂಪಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ. ಫಲಿತಾಂಶಗಳು ಪಿಎಸ್ಎಸ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸವು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ-ಕೇಂದ್ರಿತವಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದಂತೆ ಉನ್ನತ ಮಟ್ಟದ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ ಅಮೂರ್ತತೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಒಂದೇ ರೀತಿಯ ಗಮನವನ್ನು ಅನ್ವಯಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಎಂದು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. PSS ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಆಳವಾದ ತನಿಖೆಯು ಉತ್ಪನ್ನದ ಅಂಶಗಳಿಗೆ ಹೋಲಿಸಿದರೆ, ಸೇವಾ ಅಂಶಗಳು, ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ ಮತ್ತು ಸೇವಾ ಅಂಶಗಳ ನಡುವಿನ ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ PSS ಗೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ಅಂಶಗಳಿಗೆ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಗಮನವನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಬಹಿರಂಗಪಡಿಸಿತು. ಈ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗಳ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ, ಅಂತಹ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಸಮೂಹಕ್ಕೆ PSS ಡೊಮೇನ್-ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಬೆಂಬಲ ಬೇಕಾಗಬಹುದು ಎಂದು ಊಹಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. PSS ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಅರಿವಿನ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳ ಸುಧಾರಿತ ತಿಳುವಳಿಕೆಯ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಮೂರು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೆಂಬಲದ ಪ್ರಿಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಷನ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಪಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. PSS ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಸ್ಕೀಮಾ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ ಈ ಪ್ರಿಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಷನ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದನ್ನು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆಯ ವಿಧಾನವನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಪಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಲೈಫ್‌ಸೈಕಲ್ ಫಂಕ್ಷನ್ ಡಿಪ್ಲಾಯ್‌ಮೆಂಟ್ (ಎಲ್‌ಎಫ್‌ಡಿ) ಮತ್ತು ಸಿಸ್ಟಮಿಕ್ ಲೈಫ್‌ಸೈಕಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರಿಂಗ್ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ ಇತರ ಎರಡು ಪ್ರಿಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಷನ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಆಕ್ಷನ್ ಡಿಸೈನ್ ರಿಸರ್ಚ್ (ADR) ವಿಧಾನವನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಪಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ತರುವಾಯ, ಪಿಎಸ್ಎಸ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸ್ಕೀಮಾದ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೋಟೋಕಾಲ್ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆಯನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ವಿವರಣಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಲಾಯಿತು, ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಎರಡು ಪ್ರಿಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಷನ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶಗಳ ಜೀವನಚಕ್ರ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ (LCA) ಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ಮಾಡಲಾಯಿತು.

ಪಿಎಸ್ಎಸ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸ್ಕೀಮಾದ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳು ಪಿಎಸ್ಎಸ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಅರಿವಿನ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಗಳತ್ತ ಗಮನ ಹರಿಸುತ್ತವೆ. ಬೆಂಬಲವನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಮರುವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಲಾದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಉತ್ಪನ್ನ-ಕೇಂದ್ರಿತ ಕೊಡುಗೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಹೋಲಿಸಿದರೆ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಗಳ ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯ ಪರಿಸರ-ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹವಾದ ಕಡಿತದ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಇತರ ಎರಡು ಪ್ರಿಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಷನ್‌ಗಳ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತವೆ. ಈ ಪ್ರಾಯೋಗಿಕ ಆವಿಷ್ಕಾರಗಳ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ, ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕಾರರ ಪೂರ್ವ-ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಡೊಮೇನ್-ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಜ್ಞಾನದ ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಸಂಬಂಧಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಡಿ-ಸೈನ್ ಅರಿವಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೆಂಬಲದ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಮತ್ತು ಊಹಿಸಲು ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನಾ ಚೌಕಟ್ಟನ್ನು ಪರಿಷ್ಕರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಸ್ತರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. , p. 123
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2254
Keywords [en]
Design cognition, Product-service system designing, Product designing, Design support, Design for environmental sustainability. 
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-189740DOI: 10.3384/9789179294823ISBN: 978-91-7929-481-6 (print)ISBN: 978-91-7929-482-3 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-189740DiVA, id: diva2:1708863
Public defence
2022-12-07, Planck, Fysikhuset, Campus Valla, Linköping, 09:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, 2014/16Available from: 2022-11-07 Created: 2022-11-07 Last updated: 2022-12-01Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. How do designers think in systems?: Empirical insights from protocol studies of experienced practitioners designing Product-Service Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How do designers think in systems?: Empirical insights from protocol studies of experienced practitioners designing Product-Service Systems
2021 (English)In: Design Computing and Cognition '20 / [ed] John S. Gero, Springer, 2021, p. 469-488Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Conceptual Product-Service System (PSS) designing is expected to be inherently different and more complex than designing its discrete product or service elements. This paper presents empirical insights from 10 protocol studies of experienced practitioners, conceptually designing a PSS in a laboratory setting. A coding scheme based on function-behavior-structure ontology was used to capture the distributions of the designers’ cognitive efforton design issues and processes. Two further coding schemes were used to capture the cognitive effort expended on different levels of a systems hierarchy and in the cognitive design spaces of PSS, product and service, as well as the interactions between them. The results derived from the analyses indicate that the practitioners expend the most cognitive effort on the design issue of behavior and on the process of evaluation. They focus most on the element level of the systems hierarchy and spend the most time in the product design space.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
National Category
Design Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172289 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-90625-2_27 (DOI)978-3-030-90624-5 (ISBN)978-3-030-90627-6 (ISBN)978-3-030-90625-2 (ISBN)
Conference
Ninth international conference on design computing and cognition, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, DIA 2014/16
Note

The manuscript is accepted and will be published as a part of a bounded volume in 2021.

Available from: 2021-01-05 Created: 2021-01-05 Last updated: 2022-11-07
2. A Product/Service System Design Schema: Application to Big Data Analytics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Product/Service System Design Schema: Application to Big Data Analytics
2020 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 12, no 8Article, review/survey (Other academic) Published
Abstract [en]

The challenge of environmental sustainability has required product/service systems (PSSs) to play a substantial role. New technologies such as big data analytics (BDA), which have high potential to improve or enable PSSs, are increasingly implemented in industry. However, research achieved in the past and research opportunities in the intersection of PSS design and BDA are unclear in the literature. Therefore, this article took an inter-disciplinary approach and aimed to pave the way forward for research and development in PSS design and show opportunities to improve PSS design and delivery using BDA. The research methods adopted were literature synthesis and systematic literature review. The synthesis of PSS design literature resulted in a schema consisting of 10 design steps for PSS conceptual design. The systematic review of BDA literature found 11 research works, including industrial applications, which were then mapped on to the PSS design schema. This revealed the achievement of applied research using BDA for some of the PSS design steps as well as opportunities of research for the others. The two inter-related areas of research, PSS design and BDA, were connected with each other more clearly, so that further research could be anchored and motivated with more specificity.

Keywords
systematic literature review, literature synthesis, customization, environmental sustainability
National Category
Design Interaction Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165585 (URN)10.3390/su12083484 (DOI)000535598700417 ()
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, DIA 2014/16
Note

Funding agencies: Mistra REES (Resource-Efficient and Effective Solutions) program - Mistra (The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research) [DIA 2014/16]

Available from: 2020-05-07 Created: 2020-05-07 Last updated: 2022-11-07Bibliographically approved
3. A design navigator to guide the transition towards environmentally benign product/service systems based on LCA results
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A design navigator to guide the transition towards environmentally benign product/service systems based on LCA results
2020 (English)In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 277, article id 124074Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

With rising societal demands for a transition towards a circular economy and intensifying market competition, manufacturing companies are increasingly seeking alternative ways to design and develop their industrial offerings with reduced environmental impacts and increased value. A possible solution lies in designing environmentally benign product/service systems (PSSs), which often requires the redesign of existing offerings in industrial practice. This article presents a design navigator named lifecycle-oriented function deployment (LFD), which builds on the widely utilized life cycle assessment (LCA) and quality function deployment (QFD) to support the redesign of existing industrial offerings towards PSSs with reduced environmental impacts. LFD includes a novel procedure to derive environmental requirements using LCA and to prioritize them along with customer requirements. It introduces a list of generic service design characteristics to support service design. It also contains a QFD-based procedure to identify design parameters (characteristics and components for both products and services) that have a relatively strong influence on the prioritized requirements. Further, a novel way is proposed to capture specific product and service design characteristics that are feasible to integrate and potentially have a rather strong influence on the requirements when combined. LFD is subsequently applied in a case study to conceptually redesign an existing offering in a manufacturing company. The application is then assessed using an LCA and a semi-structured interview with the users of LFD. The LCA results indicate significant reductions in environmental impacts of the redesigned concepts, and the interview revealed benefits for the practitioners who used LFD.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020
Keywords
Product/service systems, Design navigator, Design method, Circular economy, Lifecycle perspective, Life cycle assessment
National Category
Production Engineering, Human Work Science and Ergonomics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170045 (URN)10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124074 (DOI)000586917600192 ()
Note

Forskningsfinansiärer: Mistra REES (Resource-Efficient and Effective Solutions) program funded by Mistra (The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research) in Sweden (grant number DIA 2014/16) and the Chalmers Area of Advance Production.

The accepted version has been uploaded on the author's personal web page: 

https://c142253a-5f58-4182-8d58-fa9ffe46e890.filesusr.com/ugd/a52d3b_051cc4db2f1d4787958908e71cae72cb.pdf

Available from: 2020-09-28 Created: 2020-09-28 Last updated: 2022-11-07
4. Systemic improvement of lifecycle performance by leveraging product and service interdependencies – A case of a product for wind power generation systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Systemic improvement of lifecycle performance by leveraging product and service interdependencies – A case of a product for wind power generation systems
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2022 (English)In: CIRP annals, ISSN 0007-8506, E-ISSN 1726-0604, Vol. 71, no 1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Products and services are mutually dependant throughout the lifecycle, and the interdependencies present potential for exploitation to decrease the environmental impacts. However, effective yet practical support to realize this potential in industry is insufficient. This paper presents a procedure with a knowledge base that help uncover important latent interdependencies, partly implemented as an Excel-based tool, concretizing systemic lifecycle engineering. The procedure has been validated with an elevator and the related services for wind turbines, in collaboration with a manufacturer in Europe, showing potential environmental improvements quantitatively. Also, the importance of maintenance in renewable energy systems is discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022
Keywords
Lifecycle, Maintenance, Renewable energy
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-186732 (URN)10.1016/j.cirp.2022.04.052 (DOI)000886363300003 ()2-s2.0-85130020515 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, 2014/16
Note

Funding: Mistra REES (Resource-Ef fi- cient and Effective Solutions) program - Mistra (The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research) [2014/16]

Available from: 2022-06-30 Created: 2022-06-30 Last updated: 2022-12-13Bibliographically approved

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Neramballi, Abhijna

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