liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Himalayan watersheds in Nepal record high soil erosion rates estimated using the RUSLE model and experimental erosion plots
Aquatic Ecology Centre, Kathmandu University, Nepal; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
Aquatic Ecology Centre, Kathmandu University, Nepal; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Nepal.
Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, Tema Environmental Change. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Aquatic Ecology Centre, Kathmandu University, Nepal; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Nepal.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5665-5335
Aquatic Ecology Centre, Kathmandu University, Nepal.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0567-5907
Show others and affiliations
2023 (English)In: Heliyon, E-ISSN 2405-8440, Vol. 9, no 5, article id e15800Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Sustainable development
Environmental work
Abstract [en]

The rising unpredictability in the food supply chain in many parts of the world is related to soil loss and poor agricultural output. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), widely used for estimating soil loss, was applied in the western mid-hills in Nepal, with steep slopes and fragile geology. This region is at high risk for rapid soil erosion and mass wasting. To estimate soil loss, this study utilized the RUSLE model with experimental erosion plots in the Aadhikhola and Tinahukhola watersheds, capturing real-time erosion in the field. The annual soil loss for the Aadhikhola watershed is estimated at ∼41.4 tons ha−1 yr−1. In contrast, in the Tinahukhola watershed, soil loss is low (∼24.1 tons ha−1 yr−1). Although annual rainfall showed an increasing trend in both watersheds, the change in soil loss was statistically insignificant. The high erosion rates from the experimental plots in both watersheds support the model outputs. Results from the experimental plots recorded the rate of soil erosion for different land use as: irrigated agricultural land > rainfed agricultural land > forests. The trends highlight the role of human activities in enhancing soil erosion in these mountainous terrains in terms of medium to long-term perspectives. Therefore, sustainable agriculture practices in these terrains must investigate alternate ways to decrease soil erosion to support people's livelihoods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 9, no 5, article id e15800
Keywords [en]
Empirical models, Agriculture, Nepal mid-hills, Runoff plots, Soil erosion
National Category
Soil Science Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-194116DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15800ISI: 001029517000001PubMedID: 37215930OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-194116DiVA, id: diva2:1759470
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2016-05642
Note

Funding: Vetenskapsrdet [2016-05642]

Available from: 2023-05-26 Created: 2023-05-26 Last updated: 2023-09-01
In thesis
1. Provenance, transport, and the fate of organic matter and sediments drained through Himalayan Rivers in Nepal
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Provenance, transport, and the fate of organic matter and sediments drained through Himalayan Rivers in Nepal
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Despite its small area (ca. 595,000 km2), the Himalayan region transfers disproportionally high amounts of sediments and organic matter (OM) through a network of rivers into the oceanic sink. Such a high contribution is due to the synergistic effects of active tectonics, variable precipitation, and steep slopes aided by human perturbations on exhumed and young mountain terrains. Seasonality in the mobilization and transport of fresh biogenic OM and petrogenic carbon, including paleosols, is dominant in this unique landscape with implications for climate change and the global carbon budget. However, a comprehensive assessment of sources and the fate of organic carbon (OC) in Himalayan rivers remains elusive, driving considerable uncertainty in estimates of the fluvial transport of carbon, its budget, and its impacts on the global carbon cycle. Four rivers from diverse physiographic zones with specific rock types were selected from the Nepal Himalayas to characterize the OM sources and their fate using C:N ratios, lipid biomarkers, and lignin phenols. The seasonal OC fluxes were estimated, and strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope data were utilized to elucidate the provenance. Finally, monitoring of runoff plots and RUSLE modeling was conducted to estimate soil erosion from different land-use practices. 

The suspended sediment load in these rivers was proportional to the erosional intensity. Unlike suspended sediments, OM in bedload samples was derived from multiple sources with weak terrigenous dominance. The influence of seasonality on OM and elemental concentrations was evident in the new data. The abundance of sedimentary lipids in these small rivers represents high OM sequestration and corroborates the inference derived from diagnostic lignin ratios. These rivers transport > 90% POC and ca. 75% DOC during the short monsoon season, highlighting rapid transport/mobilization of OC from the Nepal Himalayas. The high strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratio in silicates drives the high radiogenic Sr input, which exceeds the global average. The clusters in Sr and Nd isotope data represent specific physiographic zones and rock types that can help infer OM provenance and trace the fate of carbon from source to sink. Data from the runoff plots suggest that irrigated croplands drive topsoil erosion. The soil erosion rate in the watersheds is high (> 24 tons ha-1 yr-1). This is attributed to anthropogenic disturbance associated with cropping patterns, soil disturbance, and waterlogging. The contrasting features in the Himalayan region and new data on the role of mountain rivers invite global attention to infer ongoing and future changes in OM flux. 

Abstract [sv]

Himalaya-regionen bidrar med, baserat på dess begränsade yta på ca 595 000 km2, oproportionerligt stora belastning av sediment och organiskt material (OM) genom ett nätverk av floder. Den höga belastningen beror på de synergier mellan aktiv tektonik, nederbörd och branta sluttningar påverkade av antropogen aktivitet. Säsongsvariationer i mobilisering och transport av färsk biogen OM och petrogent kol, inklusive paleosoler, är dominerande med konsekvenser för såväl för klimatförändringar som den globala kolbudgeten. En heltäckande bild av källor och transport av organiskt kol (OC) i Himalayas floder är dock svårbedömt, vilket bidrar till stora osäkerheter i uppskattning av den fluviala transporten av kol, dess budget och effekter på den globala kolcykeln. Fyra floder från olika fysiografiska zoner med specifika bergarter valdes ut från den nepalesiska delen av Himalaya för att karaktärisera OM-källorna och deras öde med hjälp av lipidbiomarkörer, ligninfenoler och C:N-förhållande. De säsongsbetonade OC-flödena skattades, och isotopdata för strontium (Sr) och neodym (Nd) användes för att belysa källor. Slutligen genomfördes provtagning av avrinningsområden och RUSLE-modellering för att skatta intensiteten av jorderosionen.

Den suspenderade sedimentbelastningen i floderna var proportionell gentemot erosionsintensiteten. Till skillnad från suspenderade sediment härleddes OM i belastningen från flera källor med svag terrogen dominans. Säsongsvariationens inverkan på OM och grundämnen var signifikant. Den höga koncentrationen av sedimentära lipider i floderna representerar en hög OM-sekvestrering och bekräftar slutsatserna från diagnostiska ligninförhållanden. Floderna transporterar > 90% av POC och ca. 75 % av DOC under den korta monsunsäsongen, vilket ger en snabb mobilisering av OC från Nepals Himalaya. Det höga strontiumisotopförhållandet (87Sr/86Sr) i silikater påverkar det höga radiogena Sr-inflödet, vilket överstiger det globala genomsnittet. Klustren i Sr- och Nd-isotopdata representerar specifika fysiografiska zoner och bergarter som kan hjälpa till att bestämma härkomsten och spåra kolets öde från källa till sänka. Data från avrinningsområdena tyder på att bevattnade odlingsmarker driver erosion av matjorden. Markerosionen i vattendelaren är hög (> 24 ton ha-1 år-1), vilket tillskrivs antropogena aktiviteter i form av odlingsmönster, markstörningar och vattenavverkning. De kontrasterande egenskaperna i Himalaya-regionen tillsammans med nya data om bergsflodernas roll påverkar global förhållanden för att förstå pågående och framtida förändringar i OM-flux.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. p. 73
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 846
Keywords
Himalayan rivers, Biomarkers, Isotopes, OC flux, RUSLE, Himalayafloder, biomarkörer, isotoper, OC flux, RUSLE
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190550 (URN)10.3384/9789180750059 (DOI)9789180750042 (ISBN)9789180750059 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-01-27, TEMCAS, Temahuset, Campus Valla, Linköping, 14:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-12-13 Created: 2022-12-13 Last updated: 2023-05-26Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(4274 kB)128 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 4274 kBChecksum SHA-512
5a18bf1644c2fc06ebc9bee03783a132ec9fd6fdf771d0e80385b6c5d50eba6d3786bb765d2bcb92dc2435509355f14eb098748fd9136768438c2a06dcacb7d9
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Other links

Publisher's full textPubMed

Authority records

Bhandari, RajendraRouth, Joyanto

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Bhandari, RajendraShrestha, BibekSharma, SubodhRouth, Joyanto
By organisation
Tema Environmental ChangeFaculty of Arts and Sciences
In the same journal
Heliyon
Soil ScienceGeosciences, Multidisciplinary

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 128 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
pubmed
urn-nbn
Total: 311 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf