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Seasonal denitrification potential in wetland sediments with organic matter from different plant species
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Ecology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Department of Limnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Limnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Ecology . Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0722-6083
2007 (English)In: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 183, no 1-4, p. 25-35Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Vegetation both physically and biochemically influences denitrification in wetlands. Litter from various plant species supplies various amounts and qualities of organic carbon to denitrifying bacteria, and may thus affect denitrification capacity. We explore whether there is seasonal variation in the denitrification potential in stands of Glyceria maxima, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Potamogeton pectinatus (the stands differed in terms of which species was predominant). Experiments and measurements investigated whether denitrification potential was related to organic matter and its availability to denitrifying bacteria, suitability for bacterial growth, and amount in the wetland. Availability of organic material, as measured in the slurries, was highest in the G. maxima and P. pectinatus samples, with the highest availability in May and August. However, when the samples were closer to wetland conditions, i.e., intact sediment cores containing litter and organic sediment, the denitrifying capacity was highest in the cores from G. maxima stands, but lowest in P. pectinatus cores. In addition, the denitrification potential of the intact cores was highest in November. Differences in denitrification capacity between the slurries and intact sediment cores, considering the organic material of the plant species and the seasonal pattern, were attributed to differences in the amount of plant litter generated.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2007. Vol. 183, no 1-4, p. 25-35
Keywords [en]
denitrification, potential denitrification, wetlands, macrophytes, litter, organic material, organic matter, sediment, intact core
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14078DOI: 10.1007/s11270-007-9352-xOAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-14078DiVA, id: diva2:22578
Available from: 2006-10-09 Created: 2006-10-09 Last updated: 2018-03-13
In thesis
1. Nitrogen removal in treatment wetlands: Factors influencing spatial and temporal variations
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nitrogen removal in treatment wetlands: Factors influencing spatial and temporal variations
2006 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Decreasing the nitrogen transport from land to surrounding seas is a major task throughout the world to limit eutrophication of the coastal areas. Several approaches are currently used, including the establishment of wetlands, to decrease the transport of nitrogen. Wetlands represent ecosystems where the nitrogen removal from water can be efficient given that they are appropriately designed. The aim of this thesis was to investigate and quantify the effect of critical factors that regulate the nitrogen removal in wetlands, and to develop better guidelines for wetland design. Studies were performed at different scales, from microcosms to full scale wetlands, and methods included modelling, mass balance calculations and process studies.

A first order rate model was used to simulate the nitrogen transformations in two large wetlands treating wastewater containing both ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. It was found that the dynamics of the main itrogen transformation processes could not be satisfactorily described using this approach. Large wetlands containing vegetation are complex ecosystems, and the process rates vary in both time and space. The great diversity of microenvironments favours different nitrogen processes, and large differences in potential nitrification and denitrification rates were found between different surface structures within a wetland. The results from microcosms measurements showed that the highest potential for nitrification was on surfaces in the water column, while the denitrification capacity was highest in the sediment.

For the sediment denitrification capacity, the plant community

composition was shown to be of major importance primarily by supplying litter serving as a carbon and energy source, and/or attachment surfaces, for denitrifying bacteria. Denitrification rates may be affected more than three fold by different types of litter and detritus in the sediments. Intact sediment cores from stands of the emergent plants Glyceria maxima and Typha latifolia had higher denitrification potential than sediment cores from stands of the submersed plant Potamogeton pectinatus. However, the quality of the organic material for the denitrifying bacteria was highest in G. maxima and P. pectinatus stands. All sediment cores from the wetland were limited by carbon, and the lower denitrification capacity of the submersed plant, P. pectinatus, was likely due to lower amounts of organic matter. However, in another wetland, intact cores from stands of the submersed plant Elodea canadensis had a higher denitrification capacity than the cores from stands of T. latifolia and Phragmites australis. This was possibly due to a larger biomass, and better quality, of the organic matter from that submersed specie, or to epiphytic biofilms on the living plants. Those microcosms studies showed that both the quality of the organic matter as a substrate for the microbial communities, and the amount of organic material produced were important for the denitrification capacity.

In pilot scale wetlands, the composition of the plant community was also a more important factor for high nitrate removal than the differences in hydraulic loads (equivalent of 1 or 3 d retention time), despite the cold climate. The greatest removal was found in wetlands with emergent vegetation dominated by P. australis and G. maxima, rather than in wetlands with submersed vegetation. In brief, the results presented in this thesis emphasize the importance of dense emergent vegetation for high annual nitrate removal in treatment wetlands.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2006
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1041
Keywords
Wetlands, denitrification, macrophytes, nitrogen, nitrification, model, treatment wetlands, potential denitrification
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7564 (URN)91-85523-12-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2006-11-10, Planck, Fysikhuset, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2006-10-09 Created: 2006-10-09 Last updated: 2020-03-24

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Kallner Bastviken, SofiaSundblad-Tonderski, Karin

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