liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Cell surface orifices of caveolae and localization of caveolin to the necks of caveolae in adipocytes
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Show others and affiliations
2003 (English)In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, ISSN 1059-1524, E-ISSN 1939-4586, Vol. 14, no 10, p. 3967-3976Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Caveolae are noncoated invaginations of the plasma membrane that form in the presence of the protein caveolin. Caveolae are found in most cells, but are especially abundant in adipocytes. By high-resolution electron microscopy of plasma membrane sheets the detailed structure of individual caveolae of primary rat adipocytes was examined. Caveolin-1 and -2 binding was restricted to the membrane proximal region, such as the ducts or necks attaching the caveolar bulb to the membrane. This was confirmed by transfection with myc-tagged caveolin-1 and -2. Essentially the same results were obtained with human fibroblasts. Hence caveolin does not form the caveolar bulb in these cells, but rather the neck and may thus act to retain the caveolar constituents, indicating how caveolin participates in the formation of caveolae. Caveolae, randomly distributed over the plasma membrane, were very heterogeneous, varying in size between 25 and 150 nm. There was about one million caveolae in an adipocyte, which increased the surface area of the plasma membrane by 50%. Half of the caveolae, those larger than 50 nm, had access to the outside of the cell via ducts and 20-nm orifices at the cell surface. The rest of the caveolae, those smaller than 50 nm, were not open to the cell exterior. Cholesterol depletion destroyed both caveolae and the cell surface orifices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2003. Vol. 14, no 10, p. 3967-3976
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-14539DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E03-01-0050OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-14539DiVA, id: diva2:23674
Available from: 2007-06-01 Created: 2007-06-01 Last updated: 2017-12-13
In thesis
1. A molecular approach to insulin signalling and caveolae in primary adipocytes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A molecular approach to insulin signalling and caveolae in primary adipocytes
2007 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The prevalence of type II diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate due to the western world lifestyle. Type II diabetes is characterized by an insulin resistance distinguished by impaired glucose uptake in adipose and muscle tissues. The molecular mechanisms behind the insulin recistance and also the knowledge considering normal insulin signalling in fat cells, especially in humans, are still unclear.

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) is known to be important for medating the insulin-induced signal from the insulin receptor into the cell. We developed and optimized a method for transfection of primary human adipocytes by electroporation. By recombinant expression of proteins, we found a proper IRS to be crucial for both mitogenic and metabolic signalling in human adipocytes. In human, but not rat, primary adipocytes we found IRS1 to be located at the plasma membrane in non-insulin stimulated cells. Insulin stimulation resulted in a two-fold increase of the amount of IRS1 at the plasma membrane in human cells, compared with a 12-fold increase in rat cells. By recombinant expression of IRS1 we found the species difference between human and rat IRS1 to depend on the IRS proteins and not on properties of the host cell.

The adipocytes function as an energy store, critical for maintaining the energy balance, and obesity strongly correlates with insulin resistance. The insulin sensitivity of the adipocytes with regard to the size of the cells was examined by separating small and large cells from the same subject. We found no increase of the GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane following insulin stimulation in the large cells, whereas there was a two-fold increase in the small cells. This finding supports the idea of a causal relationship between the enlarged fat cells and reduced insulin sensitivity found in obese subjects.

The insulin receptor is located and functional in a specific membrane structure, the caveola. The morphology of the caveola and the localization of the caveolar marker proteins caveolin-1 and -2 were examined. Caveolae were shown to be connected to the exterior by a narrow neck. Caveolin was found to be located at the neck region of caveolae, which imply importance of caveolin for maintaining and sequestering caveolae to the plasma membrane.

In conclusion, the transfection technique proved to be highly useful for molecular biological studies of insulin signal transduction and morphology in primary adipocytes.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institutionen för biomedicin och kirurgi, 2007. p. 63
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 977
Keywords
caveolae, insulin signalling, adipocytes
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8960 (URN)91-85497-94-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2007-01-19, Berzeliussalen, Campus US, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2007-06-01 Created: 2007-06-01 Last updated: 2020-03-29
2. Caveolae structure and importance in insulin action
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Caveolae structure and importance in insulin action
2004 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Type II diabetes is a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia and abnormalities in lipid metabolism that affects approximately 5% of the population in the Western World. Caveolae are invaginations of the plasma membrane, described as 25-150 nm omega shaped structures, which are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and the constituent protein caveolin. Caveolae have been shown to be involved in signal transduction, uptake over the plasma membrane and intracellular transport. By electron microscopy studies of cell membranes and biochemical analyses of isolated caveolae, we report that in rat adipocytes glucose transporter GLUT4 was translocated to caveolae in response to insulin. Insulin stimulation increased the amount of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane, but the ratio between GLUT4 in the planar and caveolae membrane remained constant. These findings indicate that caveolae are the locales for glucose uptake in the cell. We also report that the insulin receptor, independently of insulin stimulation, was localised in caveolae in human adipocytes. In these cells depletion of cholesterol destroyed the caveolae structure and the adipocytes became insulin resistant. Cholesterol depletion did not affect the insulinstimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor nor the phosphorylation of the downstream IRS1. Further signalling to metabolic control or mitogenic control was inhibited, however. With transmission electron-, scanning electron- and fluorescence-microscopic techniques, we studied the ultrastructure and distribution of caveolae in the rat adipocyte. We found that caveolae can be divided into two subpopulations, small (<50 nm) and large (50-150 nm). The large caveolae are connected to the extracellular space via narrow necks and the orifices of caveolae were herein shown in primary adipocytes for the first time. Caveolin is located in the membrane proximal part of the small caveolae and to the neck in the large caveolae. The insulin receptor substrate IRS 1 was shown to be localized to caveolae in human adipocytes and to colocalize with the insulin receptor. In rat adipocytes, however, IRS1 was not localized to the plasma membrane in the absence of insulin stimulation. By transfection of rat adipocytes with human IRS1 we found that human IRS1 bound to the plasma membrane in the rat adipocyte, whereas the endogenous rat IRS1 did not. Taken together, caveolae seem to be closely involved in regulation of insulin action in the adipocyte.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköpings universitet, 2004. p. 53
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 875
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-24065 (URN)3624 (Local ID)91-7373-851-4 (ISBN)3624 (Archive number)3624 (OAI)
Public defence
2004-12-10, Berzeliussalen, Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping, 09:00
Opponent
Available from: 2009-10-07 Created: 2009-10-07 Last updated: 2012-10-25Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textLink to Ph.D. Thesis

Authority records

Thorn, HansStenkula, Karin G.Karlsson, MargaretaÖrtegren Kugelberg, UnnNyström, Fredrik H.Gustavsson, JohannaStrålfors, Peter

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Thorn, HansStenkula, Karin G.Karlsson, MargaretaÖrtegren Kugelberg, UnnNyström, Fredrik H.Gustavsson, JohannaStrålfors, Peter
By organisation
Cell BiologyFaculty of Health SciencesInternal MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHLClinical Chemistry
In the same journal
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Medical and Health Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 243 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf