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Particle trace visualization of intracardiac flow using time-resolved 3D phase contrast MRI
Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Clinical Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1395-8296
Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Clinical Physiology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5526-2399
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1999 (English)In: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, ISSN 0740-3194, E-ISSN 1522-2594, Vol. 41, no 4, p. 793-799Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The flow patterns in the human heart are complex and difficult to visualize using conventional two-dimensional (2D) modalities, whether they depict a single velocity component (Doppler echocardiography) or all three components in a few slices (2D phase contrast MRI). To avoid these shortcomings, a temporally resolved 3D phase contrast technique was used to derive data describing the intracardiac velocity fields in normal volunteers. The MRI data were corrected for phase shifts caused by eddy currents and concomitant gradient fields, with improvement in the accuracy of subsequent flow visualizations. Pathlines describing the blood pathways through the heart were generated from the temporally resolved velocity data, starting from user-specified locations and time frames. Flow trajectories were displayed as 3D particle traces, with simultaneous demonstration of morphologic 2D slices. This type of visualization is intuitive and interactive and may extend our understanding of dynamic and previously unrecognized patterns of intracardiac flow.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
1999. Vol. 41, no 4, p. 793-799
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-26701DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<793::AID-MRM19>3.0.CO;2-2Local ID: 11291OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-26701DiVA, id: diva2:247251
Available from: 2009-10-08 Created: 2009-10-08 Last updated: 2021-12-28
In thesis
1. Multidimensional magnetic resonance imaging: new methods for analysis of cardiovascular dynamics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multidimensional magnetic resonance imaging: new methods for analysis of cardiovascular dynamics
2003 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Cardiovascular flow and motion occur in three-dimensional (3D) space and vary dynamically over the cardiac cycle. The description of these complicated patterns using non-invasive imaging requires new tools for data acquisition, processing and visualization. In this thesis, a number of techniques are presented, all of which aim at improving the description of multidimensional cardiovascular flow and motion.

For the study of cardiac motion, a new M-mode method was developed that uses time-resolved image data to retrospectively calculate an M-mode image along an arbitrary line. This reduces the dimensionality of the acquired image data to one dimension plus time, which facilitates the analysis of the motion of cardiac structures. In order to describe flow patterns within the heart and great vessels, phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to accurately measure velocities. Existing techniques for the acquisition of phase contrast data were extended in order to acquire time-resolved 3D image data that contain information about all three velocity components in each voxel. A number of possible approaches for reducing the scan time required were applied. Reducing the scan time in MRI often results in images with a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Image processing techniques were therefore investigated that utilize adaptive filtering in order to reduce the noise level, while still preserving the details of small structures. Once multidimensional image data are acquired, there is an immediate need to visualize the data in a comprehensible way. Particle trace visualization of velocity vector data was applied in order to study flow patterns in the human heart. Using these methods, completely new insights into the patterns of blood flow within the left atrium were achieved. This and future applications are made possible by the powerful combination of massive multidimensional data sets and tools developed specifically for the complicated conditions of cardiovascular flow.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköpings universitet, 2003. p. 74
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 807
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-29438 (URN)14784 (Local ID)91-7373-616-3 (ISBN)14784 (Archive number)14784 (OAI)
Public defence
2003-04-29, Föreläsningssal Conrad, Universitetssjukhuset, Linköping, 13:15 (Swedish)
Available from: 2009-10-09 Created: 2009-10-09 Last updated: 2013-01-04
2. Cardiovascular fluid dynamics: methods for flow and pressure field analysis from magnetic resonance imaging
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cardiovascular fluid dynamics: methods for flow and pressure field analysis from magnetic resonance imaging
2001 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Cardiovascular blood flow is highly complex and incompletely understood. Blood flow patterns are expected to influence the opening and closing of normal and prosthetic heart valves, the efficiency of cardiac filling and ejection, and the resistance to thrombus formation within the heart. Conventional diagnostic techniques are poorly suited to the study of the three-dimensional (3D) blood flow patterns in the heart chambers and large vessels. Noninvasive methods have also been inadequate in studying intracardiac pressure differences, which are the driving force of flow and are critical in the evaluation of many cardiovascular abnormalities.

This thesis focuses on the development of non-invasive methods for analysis of 3D cardiovascular blood flow. Simultaneous study of cardiovascular fluid dynamics allowed knowledge exchange across the two disciplines, facilitating the development process and broadening the applicability of the methods.

A time-resolved 3D phase-contrast Magnetic Resonance lrnaging (MRI) technique was used to acquire the velocity vector field in a 3D volume encompassing the entire heart or a large vessel. Cardiovascular blood flow patterns were visualized by use of particle traces, which revealed, for instance, vortical flow patterns in the left atrium.

By applying the Navier-Stokes equation along a user-defined line in the 3D velocity vector field, the relative pressure could be obtained as an excellent supplement to the flow pattern visualization. Using a delineation of the blood pool, the time-varying 3D relative pressure field in the human left ventricle was obtained from the velocity field by use of the pressure Poisson equation.

A delineation of the heart muscle, a task that is almost impossible to perform on 3D MRI either automatically or manually, was also achieved by usage of particle traces. This segmentation allows automatic calculation of the 3D relative pressure field, as well as calculation of well-established parameters such as ventricle volume and mass.

Simultaneous 3D assessment of cardiovascular pressure and flow phenomena throughout the cardiac cycle offers an opportunity to expand our understanding of the basic determinants of time-varying flow in healthy and sick hearts, with the potential for improving our methods for diagnosis, medical treatment and surgical correction of cardiovascular diseases.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköpings universitet, 2001. p. 48
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 690
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-28144 (URN)12957 (Local ID)91-7373-021-1 (ISBN)12957 (Archive number)12957 (OAI)
Public defence
2001-05-23, Elsa Brändströmssalen, Universiterssjukhuset, Linköping, 10:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Available from: 2009-10-08 Created: 2009-10-08 Last updated: 2013-09-03

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Wigström, LarsEbbers, TinoFyrenius, AnnaKarlsson, MattsEngvall, JanWranne, Bengt

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