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Indications of Th1 and Th17 responses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-9315-8901
Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, Infektionsmedicin. Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Hjärt- och Medicincentrum, Infektionskliniken i Östergötland.
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2011 (Engelska)Ingår i: Journal of Neuroinflammation, ISSN 1742-2094, E-ISSN 1742-2094, Vol. 8, nr 36Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Background: Previous studies indicate that successful resolution of Lyme neuroborreliosis (NB) is associated with a strong T helper (Th) 1-type cytokine response in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) followed by a down-regulating Th2 response, whereas the role of the recently discovered Th17 cytokine response is unknown. Methods: To investigate the relative contribution of different Th associated cytokine/chemokine responses, we used a multiple bead array to measure the levels of CXCL10 (Th1 marker), CCL22 (Th2 marker), IL-17 (Th17 marker) and CXCL8 (general inflammation marker), in serum and in CSF from untreated patients with confirmed NB (n = 133), and non-NB patients (n = 96), and related the findings to clinical data. Samples from patients with possible early NB (n = 15) and possible late NB (n = 19) were also analysed, as well as samples from an additional control group with orthopaedic patients (n = 17), where CSF was obtained at spinal anaesthesia. Results: The most prominent differences across groups were found in the CSF. IL-17 was elevated in CSF in 49% of the patients with confirmed NB, but was not detectable in the other groups. Patients with confirmed NB and possible early NB had significantly higher CSF levels of CXCL10, CCL22 and CXCL8 compared to both the non-NB group and the control group (p andlt; 0.0001 for all comparisons). Patients in the early NB group, showing a short duration of symptoms, had lower CCL22 levels in CSF than did the confirmed NB group (p andlt; 0.0001). Furthermore, patients within the confirmed NB group showing a duration of symptoms andlt; 2 weeks, tended to have lower CCL22 levels in CSF than did those with longer symptom duration (p = 0.023). Cytokine/chemokine levels were not correlated with clinical parameters or to levels of anti-Borrelia-antibodies. Conclusion: Our results support the notion that early NB is dominated by a Th1-type response, eventually accompanied by a Th2 response. Interestingly, IL-17 was increased exclusively in CSF from patients with confirmed NB, suggesting a hitherto unknown role for Th17 in NB. However, for conclusive evidence, future prospective studies are needed.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
BioMed Central , 2011. Vol. 8, nr 36
Nyckelord [en]
Lyme neuroborreliosis, cerebrospinal fluid, T helper cell, cytokine, chemokine
Nationell ämneskategori
Infektionsmedicin
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69177DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-36ISI: 000291317900001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-69177DiVA, id: diva2:424307
Anmärkning

Original Publication: Anna J Henningsson, Ivar Tjernberg, Bo-Eric Malmvall, Pia Forsberg and Jan Ernerudh, Indications of Th1 and Th17 responses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study, 2011, JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION, (8), 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-8-36 Licensee: BioMed Central http://www.biomedcentral.com/

Tillgänglig från: 2011-06-17 Skapad: 2011-06-17 Senast uppdaterad: 2021-12-28Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of Lyme borreliosis with special focus on the role of the complement system
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of Lyme borreliosis with special focus on the role of the complement system
2011 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common vector-borne disease in the Northern Hemisphere. The infection is caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, and it is transmitted to humans by ticks. LB is associated with several clinical manifestations, of which erythema migrans (EM) and neuroborreliosis (NB) are the most common inEurope. The course of the disease is usually benign, but can vary between individuals. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood, but the prognosis is probably determined by a complex interplay between the bacteria and the host’s immune response. Previous studies have indicated that a strong initial T helper (Th) 1-response followed by a Th2 response is beneficial for the clinical outcome in LB.

The aims of this thesis were to follow the incidence of NB inJönköping County,Sweden, over time, to search for clinical and laboratory markers associated with the risk of developing long-lasting post-treatment symptoms, and to explore the role of the complement system as well as the relative balance between Th-associated cytokine/chemokine responses in LB.

The number of NB cases, diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, increased from 5 to 10/100,000 inhabitants/year in Jönköping County during 2000-2005. Post-treatment symptoms persisting more than 6 months occurred in 13 %, and were associated with higher age, longer-lasting symptoms prior to treatment, higher levels of Borrelia-specific IgG in CSF, and reported symptoms of radiculitis. Facial palsy, headache and fever were frequent manifestations in children, whereas unspecific muscle and joint pain were the most commonly reported symptoms in older patients.

Complement activation occurred both locally in the skin in EM and in CSF of NB patients. However, no activation could be detected in blood in NB patients. Elevated levels of C1q, C4 and C3a in CSF, along with correlation between C1q and C3a levels, suggest complement activation via the classical pathway locally in the central nervous system in NB. In vitro experiments with two clinical Borrelia isolates revealed that B. garinii LU59 induced higher complement activation in human plasma compared to B. afzelii K78 that recruited more of complement regulator factor H. To elucidate the role of complement in the phagocytosis process, experiments were performed using whole blood from healthy donors incubated with fluorescence-labelled spirochetes and different complement inhibitors. The results illustrated a central role of complement for phagocytosis of Borrelia spirochetes.

We also studied the relative contribution of different Th-associated cytokines/chemokine responses in NB. The results support the notion that early NB is dominated by a Th1 response, eventually accompanied by a Th2 response. IL-17A was increased in CSF in half of the patients with confirmed NB, suggesting a hitherto unknown role of Th17 in NB.

In conclusion, the risk of developing long-lasting post-treatment symptoms tend to increase mainly with age and duration of symptoms prior to treatment in NB. The complement system seems to play an important role in host defence to recognize and kill Borrelia spirochetes. However, complement activation in inappropriate sites or to an excessive degree may cause tissue damage, and therefore, the role of complement in relation to disease course needs to be studied further. Likewise, the role of Th17 in LB pathogenesis and host defence should be further evaluated in prospective studies.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. s. 116
Serie
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1255
Nyckelord
Lyme borreliosis, neuroborreliosis, clinical, epidemiology, inflammation, complement, cytokine, chemokine
Nationell ämneskategori
Infektionsmedicin
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71117 (URN)978-91-7393-097-0 (ISBN)
Disputation
2011-11-25, Originalet, Qulturum, Länssjukhuset Ryhov, Jönköping, 13:00 (Svenska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2011-10-03 Skapad: 2011-09-30 Senast uppdaterad: 2021-12-28Bibliografiskt granskad

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