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Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines: II. Stability of impurities in organic solvents
National Bureau of Investigation, Finland.
Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science.
Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science.
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.
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2005 (English)In: Forensic Science International, ISSN 0379-0738, E-ISSN 1872-6283, Vol. 149, no 03-Feb, p. 231-241Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The present study focused on the stability of 22 amphetamine impurities dissolved in six organic solvents: isooctane, toluene, ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether. The aim was to find the most inert, and thereby most suitable, solvent for amphetamine profiling. Mixtures of the impurities were prepared in the different solvents, and changes in the concentrations of the individual compounds over-time were monitored by gas chromatographic analysis after 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h. Isooctane and toluene provided the most inert conditions, although, a few of the impurities were insufficiently stable in these two solvents. The present experiments were performed as a part of the development of a harmonised method for profiling of amphetamine. The results can be used to support the choice of organic solvents for sample preparation. They also provide information about the stability of the impurities that are found in profiles of illicit amphetamine. This is essential due to the fact, that unstable compounds can have a negative influence on the comparison of profiles.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier , 2005. Vol. 149, no 03-Feb, p. 231-241
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72285DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.06.019ISI: 000227862300016OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-72285DiVA, id: diva2:459037
Available from: 2011-11-24 Created: 2011-11-24 Last updated: 2023-06-21
In thesis
1. Development of a Method for Comparing Amphetamine Samples
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of a Method for Comparing Amphetamine Samples
2004 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The studies presented in this thesis were part of a pan-European project, and they describe the research performed to develop a method for comparing amphetamine samples. The work included the following: optimisation of a method for profiling of amphetamine by gaschromatography (GC); optimisation of a technique for preparing samples for GC analysis; testing and evaluation of the abilities of a number of distance metrics to discern links between amphetamine samples originating from the same batch of synthesis analysed using the method developed in the current studies.

Street amphetamine contains hundreds of different by-products (target compounds), many of which have been identified and found to come from the different conditions used in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the main objective of developing the GC method was to optimise separation and quantification of the target compounds. The best separation was achieved using a DB-35MS capillary column. For quantification, mass spectrometry (MS) in the scan mode employing one target ion seemed to perform best, because this technique provided superior selectivity, and also made it possible to use mass spectra to identify target compounds. In addition, MS detection proved to offer excellent between-laboratory reproducibility.

The conditions used to prepare amphetamine samples for liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) andsolid-phase extraction (SPE) were also optimised. The sample preparation methods gave similar results but it was easier to use LLE, hence it was chosen for further sample preparation.

The ability of various numerical methods to find links between amphetamine samples was tested on GC-MS data of 26 target compounds that had been transformed by various pretreatment techniques. The best results were obtained when using Pearson correlation applied to data transformed by normalisation followed by applying fourth root.

It was also demonstrated that the amphetamine profiling method developed in the current studies was superior to a procedure already in use in a number of forensic laboratories in Europe.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University, 2004. p. 57
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 879
National Category
Organic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179057 (URN)9173739626 (ISBN)
Public defence
2004-05-27, Majoren, Brigaden, Linköpings garnisonsområde, Linköping, 10:15
Opponent
Note

All or some of the partial works included in the dissertation are not registered in DIVA and therefore not linked in this post.

Available from: 2021-09-09 Created: 2021-09-09 Last updated: 2023-02-23Bibliographically approved

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Dahlén, Johan

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