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Sustained use of a tool for lifestyle intervention implemented in primary health care: a 2-year follow-up
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Primary Health Care in Central County.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9116-8156
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, General Practice. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Local Health Care Services in West Östergötland, Research & Development Unit in Local Health Care.
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Social Medicine and Public Health Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
2013 (English)In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, ISSN 1356-1294, E-ISSN 1365-2753, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 327-334Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Rational, aims and objectives: Sustainability of new methods implemented in health care is one of the most central issues in addressing the gap between research and practice, but is seldom assessed in implementation studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a new tool for lifestyle intervention in primary health care (PHC) 2 years after the introduction, and assess if the implementation strategy used influenced sustainability.

Method: A computer-based lifestyle intervention tool (CLT) was introduced at six PHC units in Sweden in 2008, using two implementation strategies: explicit and implicit. The main difference between the strategies was a 4-week test period followed by a decision session, included in the explicit strategy. Evaluations were performed after 6, 9 and 24 months. After 24 months, the RE-AIM framework was applied to assess and compare outcome according to strategy.

Results: A more positive outcome regarding Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption and Implementation in the explicit group could be almost completely attributed to one of the units. Maintenance was low and after 24 months, differences according to strategy were negligible.

Conclusion: After 24 months the most positive outcomes regarding all RE-AIM dimensions were found in one of the units where the explicit strategy was used. The explicit strategy per se had some effect on the dimension Effectiveness, but was not associated with sustainability overall. Staff at the most successful unit earlier had positive expectations regarding the CLT and found it compatible with existing routines.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley-Blackwell , 2013. Vol. 19, no 2, p. 327-334
Keywords [en]
implementation, lifestyle, primary health care, sustainability
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74877DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2012.01827.xISI: 000315964800017OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-74877DiVA, id: diva2:496944
Note

Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden (FORSS)||Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS)||

Available from: 2012-02-10 Created: 2012-02-10 Last updated: 2017-12-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The Challenge of Changing Practice: Applying Theory in the Implementation of an Innovation in Swedish Primary Health Care
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Challenge of Changing Practice: Applying Theory in the Implementation of an Innovation in Swedish Primary Health Care
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Background: The translation of new knowledge, such as research findings, new tools or methods into health care practice has gained increased  interest in recent years. Important factors that determine implementation outcome have been identified, and models and checklists to be followed in planning as well as in carrying out an implementation process have been produced. However, there are still knowledge gaps regarding what approach should be used in which setting and for which problems. Primary health care (PHC) in Sweden is an area where there is a paucity of research regarding implementation of new methods into practice. The aim of the thesis was to apply theory in the study of the implementation of an innovation in Swedish PHC, and identify factors that influenced outcome.

Methods: The study was performed using a quasi-experimental design, and included six PHC units, two from each one of three county councils in the southeast part of Sweden. A computer-based lifestyle intervention tool (CLT) developed to facilitate addressing lifestyle issues, was introduced at the units. Two different strategies were used for the introduction, both aiming to facilitate the process: a theory-based explicit strategy and an implicit strategy requiring a minimum of effort. Data collection was performed at baseline, and after six, nine and 24 months. Questionnaires were distributed to staff and managers, and data was also collected from the CLT database and county council registers. Implementation outcome was defined as the proportion of eligible patients being referred to the CLT, and was also measured in terms of Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance according to the RE-AIM framework. Interviews were performed in order to explore experiences of the implementation process as perceived by staff and managers.

Results: A positive organizational climate seemed to promote implementation. Organizational changes or staff shortages coinciding with the implementation process had a negative influence on outcome. The explicit implementation strategy seemed to be more effective than the implicit strategy in the short term, but the differences levelled out over time. The adopters’ perceptions of the implementation seemed to be influenced by the existing professional sub-cultures. Successful implementation was associated with positive expectations, perceptions of the innovation being compatible with existing routines and perceptions of relative advantage.

Conclusions: The general conclusion is that when theory was applied in the implementation of a lifestyle intervention tool in Swedish PHC, factors related to the adopters and to the innovation seemed to be more important over time than the strategy used. Staff expectations, perceptions of the innovation’s relative advantage and potential compatibility with existing routines were found to be positively associated with implementation outcome, and other major organizational changes concurrent with implementation seemed to affect the outcome in a negative way. Values, beliefs and behaviour associated with the existing sub-cultures in PHC appeared to influence how the implementation of an innovation was perceived by managers and the different professionals.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2012. p. 108
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1269
Keywords
Implementation; Primary Health Care; Public Health
National Category
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73300 (URN)978-91-7393-039-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2012-02-01, Aulan, Hälsans Hus, Campus US, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2012-02-10 Created: 2012-01-02 Last updated: 2021-12-28Bibliographically approved

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Carlfjord, SiwLindberg, MalouAndersson, Agneta

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