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A 53-nW 9.1-ENOB 1-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.13-μm CMOS for Medical Implant Devices
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8922-2360
2012 (English)In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, ISSN 0018-9200, E-ISSN 1558-173X, Vol. 47, no 7, p. 1585-1593Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper describes an ultra-low power SAR ADC for medical implant devices. To achieve the nano-watt range power consumption, an ultra-low power design strategy has been utilized, imposing maximum simplicity on the ADC architecture, low transistor count and matched capacitive DAC with a switching scheme which results in full-range sampling without switch boot-strapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13-mu m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2012. Vol. 47, no 7, p. 1585-1593
Keywords [en]
ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80792DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2012.2191209ISI: 000306913500008OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-80792DiVA, id: diva2:548254
Available from: 2012-08-30 Created: 2012-08-30 Last updated: 2019-09-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Ultra-Low-Power Analog-to-Digital Converters for Medical Applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ultra-Low-Power Analog-to-Digital Converters for Medical Applications
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Biomedical systems are commonly attached to or implanted into human bodies, and powered by harvested energy or small batteries. In these systems, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are key components as the interface between the analog world and the digital domain. Conversion of the low frequency bioelectric signals does not require high speed, but ultralow- power operation. This combined with the required conversion accuracy makes the design of such ADCs a major challenge. Among prevalent ADC architectures, the successiveapproximation-register (SAR) ADC exhibits significantly high energy efficiency due to its good trade-offs among power consumption, conversion accuracy, and design complexity. This thesis examines the physical limitations and investigates the design methodologies and circuit techniques for low-speed and ultra-low-power SAR ADCs.

The power consumption of SAR ADC is analyzed and its lower bounds are formulated. At low resolution, power is bounded by minimum feature sizes; while at medium to high resolution, power is bounded by thermal noise and capacitor mismatch. In order to relax the mismatch requirement on the capacitor sizing while still ensuring enough linearity for high resolution, a bottom-up weight calibration technique is further proposed. It utilizes redundancy generated by a non-binary-weighted capacitive network, and measures the actual weights of more significant capacitors using less significant capacitors.

Three SAR ADCs have been implemented. The first ADC, fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS process, achieves 9.1ENOB with 53-nW power consumption at 1kS/s. The main key to achieve the ultra-low-power operation turns out to be the maximal simplicity in the ADC architecture and low transistor count. In addition, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR digital logic to operate at 0.4V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. Based on the understanding from the first ADC and motivated by the predicted power bounds, the second ADC, a single-supply 9.1-ENOB SAR ADC in 65nm CMOS process has been further fabricated. It achieves a substantial (94%) improvement in power consumption with 3-nW total power at 1kS/s and 0.7V. Following the same concept of imposing maximal simplicity in the ADC architecture and taking advantage of the smaller feature size, the ultra-low-power consumption is achieved by a matched splitarray capacitive DAC, a bottom-plate full-range input-sampling scheme, a latch-based SAR control logic, and a multi-VT design approach. The third ADC fabricated in 65nm CMOS process targets at a higher resolution of 14b and a wider bandwidth of 5KHz. It achieves 12.5ENOB  with 1.98-μW power consumption at 0.8V and 10kS/s. To achieve the high resolution, the ADC implements a uniform-geometry non-binary-weighted capacitive DAC and employs a secondary-bit approach to dynamically shift decision levels for error correction. Moreover, a comparator with bias control utilizes the redundancy to reduce the power consumption.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2014. p. 114
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1611
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110387 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-110387 (DOI)978-91-7519-264-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2014-10-03, Visionen, hus B, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2014-09-10 Created: 2014-09-10 Last updated: 2019-11-19Bibliographically approved

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Zhang, DaiBhide, AmeyaAlvandpour, Atila

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