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Quantification of Quantum Efficiency and Energy Losses in Low Bandgap Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Biomolekylär och Organisk Elektronik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Biomolekylär och Organisk Elektronik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Biomolekylär och Organisk Elektronik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, Biomolekylär och Organisk Elektronik. Linköpings universitet, Tekniska högskolan.
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2012 (Engelska)Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 22, nr 16, s. 3480-3490Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

In organic solar cells based on polymer:fullerene blends, energy is lost due to electron transfer from polymer to fullerene. Minimizing the difference between the energy of the polymer exciton (ED*) and the energy of the charge transfer state (ECT) will optimize the open-circuit voltage (Voc). In this work, this energy loss ED*-ECT is measured directly via Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and electroluminescence measurements. Polymer:fullerene photovoltaic devices comprising two different isoindigo containing polymers: P3TI and PTI-1, are studied. Even though the chemical structures and the optical gaps of P3TI and PTI-1 are similar (1.4 eV1.5 eV), the optimized photovoltaic devices show large differences in Voc and internal quantum efficiency (IQE). For P3TI:PC71BM blends a ED*-ECT of similar to 0.1 eV, a Voc of 0.7 V and an IQE of 87% are found. For PTI-1:PC61BM blends an absence of sub-gap charge transfer absorption and emission bands is found, indicating almost no energy loss in the electron transfer step. Hence a higher Voc of 0.92 V, but low IQE of 45% is obtained. Morphological studies and field dependent photoluminescence quenching indicate that the lower IQE for the PTI-1 system is not due to a too coarse morphology, but is related to interfacial energetics. Losses between ECT and qVoc due to radiative and non-radiative recombination are quantified for both material systems, indicating that for the PTI-1:PC61BM material system, Voc can only be increased by decreasing the non-radiative recombination pathways. This work demonstrates the possibility of obtaining modestly high IQE values for material systems with a small energy offset (andlt;0.1 eV) and a high Voc.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin , 2012. Vol. 22, nr 16, s. 3480-3490
Nyckelord [en]
organic solar cell, fullerene, conjugated polymer, charge transfer state
Nationell ämneskategori
Teknik och teknologier
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-82067DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201200608ISI: 000307566200016OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-82067DiVA, id: diva2:557975
Anmärkning

Funding Agencies|Swedish Energy Agency||Swedish Research Council (VR)||VINNOVA||Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation||

Tillgänglig från: 2012-10-01 Skapad: 2012-09-28 Senast uppdaterad: 2017-12-07
Ingår i avhandling
1. Studies of Morphology and Charge-Transfer in Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Studies of Morphology and Charge-Transfer in Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
2013 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The work presented in this thesis focuses on the two critical issues of bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells: morphology of active layers and energy loss during charge transfer process at electron donor/acceptor interfaces. Both issues determine the performance of polymer solar cells through governing exciton dissociation, charge carrier recombination and free charge carrier transport.

The morphology of active layers (spatial percolation of the donor and acceptor) is crucial for the performance of polymer solar cells due to the limited diffusion length of excitons in organic semiconductors (5-20 nm). Meanwhile, the trade-off between charge generation and transport also needs to be considered. On the one hand, a finely mixed morphology with a large donor/acceptor interface area is preferred for charge generation because efficient exciton dissociation only occurs at the interface, but on the other hand, proper phase separation is needed to reduce charge carrier recombination and facilitate free charge carrier transport to the electrodes. In this thesis, morphologies of the active layers based on different polymeric donors and fullerene acceptors are correlated to the performance of solar cells with various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, electroluminescence and Fourier transform photocurrent spectroscopy. Furthermore, methods to manipulate the morphologies of solution processed active layers to achieve high performance solar cells are also presented. Processing solvents, chemical structures of the donor and the acceptor materials, and substrate surface properties are found critically important in determining the nanoscale phase separation and performance of polymer solar cells.

Optimizing morphology of active layers alone does not guarantee high performance devices. In addition to spatial percolation, energy arrangements of donors and acceptors are also essential due to contrary requests of the photocurrent and the photovoltage: Efficient exciton dissociation or charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces requires large enough energetic driving force, which is also known as energy loss for charge transfer. However, the energy loss due to charge transfer will unavoidably reduce the photovoltage. In this thesis the balance between the photocurrent and the photovoltage in polymer solar cells due to charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces is investigated for different active material systems. The driving force tuned by synthesizing series of polymers is determined by directly measuring the optical band gap via UV-Vis spectroscopy and probing the charge transfer recombination via electroluminescence measurements. Influences of driving force on the photocurrent and the photovoltage are characterized via field dependent photoluminescence and internal quantum efficiency measurements. The results correlated well with the performance of the solar cells.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. s. 53
Serie
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1545
Nationell ämneskategori
Naturvetenskap Teknik och teknologier
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-99430 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-99430 (DOI)978-91-7519-509-4 (ISBN)
Disputation
2013-11-14, Planck, Fysikhuset, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2013-10-17 Skapad: 2013-10-17 Senast uppdaterad: 2019-12-03Bibliografiskt granskad

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Vandewal, KoenMa, ZaifeiBergqvist, JonasTang, ZhengTvingstedt, KristoferZhang, FenglingInganäs, Olle

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Vandewal, KoenMa, ZaifeiBergqvist, JonasTang, ZhengTvingstedt, KristoferZhang, FenglingInganäs, Olle
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Biomolekylär och Organisk ElektronikTekniska fakultetenTekniska högskolan
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