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Dose response of xylitol and sorbitol for EPR retrospective dosimetry with applications to chewing gum
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. (Security Link)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4055-8688
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiation Physics. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
2013 (English)In: Radiation Protection Dosimetry, ISSN 0144-8420, E-ISSN 1742-3406, Vol. 154, no 2, p. 133-141Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The purpose of this investigation was to study the radiation-induced electron paramagnetic resonance signal in sweeteners xylitol and sorbitol for use in retrospective dosimetry. For both sweeteners and chewing gum, the signal changed at an interval of 1–84 d after irradiation with minimal changes after 4–8 d. A dependence on storage conditions was noticed and the exposure of the samples to light and humidity was therefore minimised. Both the xylitol and sorbitol signals showed linearity with dose in the measured dose interval, 0–20 Gy. The dose-response measurements for the chewing gum resulted in a decision threshold of 0.38 Gy and a detection limit of 0.78 Gy. A blind test illustrated the possibility of using chewing gums as a retrospective dosemeter with an uncertainty in the dose determination of 0.17 Gy (1 SD).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 154, no 2, p. 133-141
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85528DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs174ISI: 000316968200001PubMedID: 22908355OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-85528DiVA, id: diva2:571267
Available from: 2012-11-22 Created: 2012-11-22 Last updated: 2017-12-07
In thesis
1. Chewing gum and human hair as retrospective dosimeters
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Chewing gum and human hair as retrospective dosimeters
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Retrospective dosimeters are sometimes needed after radiological/nuclear (RN) exposures to determine the doses to individuals. Conventional dosimeters may not be at hand or may not be applicable calling for alternative materials.

The possible exposure situations can be divided into external and internal; the radiation field stems either from outside the body or from a source within. This thesis investigates the possibility to use chewing gum and hair as retrospective dosimeters. The chewing gum would be used after an unexpected radiation event of external type whereas human hair is examined after chronic intake of uranium. Chewing gum containing xylitol and sorbitol was analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and the hair was analyzed by alphaspectrometry following radiochemistry and by synchrotron radiation microbeam x-ray fluorescence (SR μ-XRF).

Xylitol and chewing gum (in this particular case, V6) are in the present work found to be valuable dosimeters after unexpected radiation events. The xylitol signal linearity with dose in the interval 0-10 Gy was confirmed (r2=1.00). The doses to the coating of the chewing gums were determined 4-6 days after irradiation with an uncertainty of less than 0.2 Gy (1 SD). Spectral dependence with time after exposure was found, but was, however, minimal between 4-8 days.

Hair was evaluated and compared with urine as biodosimeter after ingestion and inhalation intake of uranium. Concentrations of 234U and 238U and their activity ratios were measured in the hair, urine and drinking water sampled from 24 drilled bedrock well water users in Östergötland, Sweden, as well as among 8 workers at a nuclear fuel fabrication factory, Westinghouse Electric Sweden. The results show that there is a stronger correlation between the uranium concentrations in the drinking water of the well water and the users’ hair (r2 = 0.50) than with their urine (r2 = 0.21). There is also a stronger correlation between the 234U/238U activity ratios of water and hair (r2 = 0.91) than between water and urine (r2 = 0.56). The individual absorbed fraction of uranium, the ƒ value, calculated as the ratio between the excreted amount of uranium in urine and hair per day and the daily drinking water intake of uranium stretched from 0.002 to 0.10 with a median of 0.023. The uranium concentrations of the fuel factory workers’ hair and urine were also obtained as well as that of personal air sampler (PAS) filters for the determination of inhaled uranium activity. A large day-to-day variation (7-70 Bq d-1) of the inhaled 234U activity was seen over a 6 week period. Over a 12 week period the 234U activity concentration in urine was similarly seen to vary from 2 to 50 mBq kg-1. Four hair samples from the same subject and period showed less variation (100-240 mBq g-1). The uranium inhalation to urine and hair factors finh,u and finh,h were found to be 0.0014 and 0.0002 respectively given by calculations based on the measured PAS, urine and hair data from two individuals. The SR μ-XRF measurements showed that uranium is present in an outer layer of the hair shaft, about 10-15 μm wide. The  measurements also revealed particles containing uranium being present on the surface of unwashed hair shafts. However, the washed hair shafts showed few, if any, particles.

This thesis concludes that chewing gum and hair can be used as retrospective dosimeters after external radiation and after intake of uranium respectively.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2014. p. 58
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1408
National Category
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Medical Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108892 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-108892 (DOI)978-91-7519-305-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2014-08-29, Berzeliussalen, ingång 65 (HU) plan 9, Campus US, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Available from: 2014-07-11 Created: 2014-07-11 Last updated: 2019-11-19Bibliographically approved

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Israelsson, AxelGustafsson, HåkanLund, Eva

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