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Population-based study showed that necrotising enterocolitis occurred in space-time clusters with a decreasing secular trend in Sweden
University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Radiological Sciences. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Radiology in Linköping.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5176-4949
University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2017 (English)In: Acta Paediatrica, ISSN 0803-5253, E-ISSN 1651-2227, Vol. 106, no 7, p. 1097-1102Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim: This study investigated space-time clustering of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis over three decades. Methods: Space-time clustering analyses objects that are grouped by a specific place and time. The Knox test and Kulldorffs scan statistic were used to analyse space-time clusters in 808 children diagnosed with necrotising enterocolitis in a national cohort of 2 389 681 children born between 1987 and 2009 in Sweden. The municipality the mother lived in and the delivery hospital defined closeness in space and the time between when the cases were born - seven, 14 and 21 days - defined closeness in time. Results: The Knox test showed no indication of space-time clustering at the residential level, but clear indications at the hospital level in all the time windows: seven days (p = 0.026), 14 days (p = 0.010) and 21 days (p = 0.004). Significant clustering at the hospital level was found during 1987-1997, but not during 1998-2009. Kulldorffs scan statistic found seven significant clusters at the hospital level. Conclusion: Space-time clustering was found at the hospital but not residential level, suggesting a contagious environmental effect after delivery, but not in the prenatal period. The decrease in clustering over time may reflect improved routines to minimise the risk of contagion between patients receiving neonatal care.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
WILEY , 2017. Vol. 106, no 7, p. 1097-1102
Keywords [en]
Cluster analysis; Necrotising enterocolitis; Neonatal care; Precipitating contagion; Preterm infant
National Category
Pediatrics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139608DOI: 10.1111/apa.13851ISI: 000405216700022PubMedID: 28349558OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-139608DiVA, id: diva2:1133755
Note

Funding Agencies|Swedish government; county councils

Available from: 2017-08-16 Created: 2017-08-16 Last updated: 2022-10-04
In thesis
1. Necrotising Enterocolitis: epidemiology and imaging
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Necrotising Enterocolitis: epidemiology and imaging
2017 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially devastating intestinal inflammation of multifactorial aetiology in premature or otherwise vulnerable neonates. Because of the broad spectrum of presentations, diagnosis and timing of surgical intervention may be challenging, and imaging needs to be an integrated part of management.

The first four studies included in this thesis used routinely collected, nationwide register data to describe the incidence of NEC in Sweden 1987‒2009, its variation with time, seasonality, space-time clustering, and associations with maternal, gestational, and perinatal factors, and the risk of intestinal failure in the aftermath of the disease.

Early infant survival increased dramatically during the study period. The incidence rate of NEC was 0.34 per 1,000 live births, rising from 0.26 per 1,000 live births in the first six years of the study period to 0.57 in the last five. The incidence rates in the lowest birth weights were 100‒160 times those of the entire birth cohort. Seasonal variation was found, as well as space-time clustering in association with delivery hospitals but not with maternal residential municipalities.

Comparing NEC cases with matched controls, some factors, positively associated with NEC, were isoimmunisation, fetal distress, caesarean section, persistent ductus arteriosus, cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities. Negative associations included maternal pre-eclampsia, maternal urinary infection, and premature rupture of the membranes. Intestinal failure occurred in 6% of NEC cases and 0.4% of controls, with the highest incidence towards the end of the study period.

The last study investigated current practices and perceptions of imaging in the management of NEC, as reported by involved specialists. There was great consensus on most issues. Areas in need of further study seem mainly related to imaging routines, the use of ultrasound, and indications for surgery.

Developing alongside the progress of neonatal care, NEC is a complex, multifactorial disease, with shifting patterns of predisposing and precipitating causes, and potentially serious long-term complications. The findings of seasonal variation, spacetime clustering, and negative associations with antenatal exposure to infectious agents, fit into the growing understanding of the central role of bacteria and immunological processes in normal maturation of the intestinal canal as well as in the pathogenesis of NEC. Imaging in the management of NEC may be developed through future studies combining multiple diagnostic parameters in relation to clinical outcome.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2017. p. 97
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1586
National Category
Pediatrics Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142375 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-142375 (DOI)9789176854556 (ISBN)
Public defence
2017-11-24, Berzeliussalen, Campus US, Linköping, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2017-10-30 Created: 2017-10-30 Last updated: 2019-10-28Bibliographically approved

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Ahle, Margareta

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Ahle, MargaretaAndersson, Roland E.
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Division of Radiological SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Radiology in Linköping
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