liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
An Interactive Gloss Visualization Environment For Measured or Simulated Surface Data
Swedish Pulp & Paper Res Inst, STFI, Stockholm, Sweden..
2003 (English)In: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, ISSN 1062-3701, E-ISSN 1943-3522, Vol. 47, no 4, p. 346-356Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Gloss, as has long been known, is a visual concept far more complex than the present methods of instrumental gloss evaluation are able to characterize. A newly developed measurement principle for gloss characterization gives perceptually relevant gloss information. The characterization results in a Reflectance Vector Map (RVM) which simultaneously contains spatially resolved information about directed reflectance and apparent inclination. The experimental phase of the present study uses the RVM and a rudimentary model of a virtual optical environment to interactively visualize a simulated surface. The performance of the visualization environment has been evaluated by comparing results from two visual assessments of perceived gloss homogeneity for a limited but demanding set of black printed paper surfaces. Assessments were performed both on the physical surfaces, and on the computer generated visualizations of the same surfaces, reconstructed from the corresponding RVM’s. The results correlate well, with a less inter-judge variance in the visualization environment than with the physical surfaces. It is suggested that this visualization environment may be a powerful tool for gloss assessment, able to mediate perceptually important characteristics of gloss.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2003. Vol. 47, no 4, p. 346-356
Keywords [en]
OFF-SPECULAR REFLECTION; COATED PAPER; PERCEPTION; QUALITY; ILLUMINATION; POLARIZATION; MODEL
National Category
Other Physics Topics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151611OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-151611DiVA, id: diva2:1251634
Available from: 2018-09-27 Created: 2018-09-27 Last updated: 2018-10-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Optical Document Security: Measurement, Characterization and Visualization: in the Light of Visual Evaluation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optical Document Security: Measurement, Characterization and Visualization: in the Light of Visual Evaluation
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Documents of high value, such as passports, tickets and banknotes, facilitate means for authentication. Authentication processes aim at mitigating counterfeit “passable products”. The arsenal of “security features” in the business is abundant but an effective and reliable counterfeit mitigating system need an architectural approach rather than either relying on one feature only, or vaguely motivated aggregated security features.

Optically variable device (OVD) is a concept in the industry, including costefficient and unique authentication functionality. OVD based features may serve as the main counterfeit mitigating functionality, as in banknotes. For higher value documents, such as passports, security architectural design may include multimodal (combined) features in which OVD is one characterizing and necessary aspect. Thereby a successful counterfeit need not only to simulate (“hack”) electronic based security features, such as radio frequency based identifier combined with public key infrastructure based cryptography (PKI) but also simulate OVD functionality. Combined feature authentication, based e.g. on PKI and OVD that relies on principally different physics and hence technology competences is of especial interest. Well-architectured and implemented, such multimodal counterfeit mitigating systems are effective to the degree that producing passable products requiring more resources than potentially illegitimately gained by the counterfeiter. Irrespective of level of ambition and efforts spent on counterfeit mitigation, OVD remains critically important as a security concept. One feature of OVD is the possibility to include a human inspector in the authentication procedure. Including such “man-in-the-loop” reduces the risk of successful and unnoticed simulations of algorithms, such as PKI. One challenge of OVD is a lack of standards or even measurements characterizing the significant aspects influencing a human based inspection.

This thesis introduces a system able to measure, characterize and visualize the significant aspects influencing a human based inspection of OVD features. The contribution includes the development of a multidimensional and high-dynamic range (HDR) color measurement system of spatial and angular resolution. The capturing of HDR images is particularly demanding for certain high contrast OVD features and require innovative algorithms to achieve the necessary high contrast sensitivity function of the imaging sensor.

Representing the significant aspects influencing a human based inspection of OVD requires a considerable amount of data. The development of an appropriate information protocol is therefore of importance, to facilitate further analysis, data processing and visualization. The information protocol transforming the measurement data into characterizing information is a second significant achievement of the presented work in this thesis.

To prove the applicability measurements, visualizations and statistically based analyses have been developed for a selection of previously unsolved problems, as defined by senior scientists and representatives of central banks. Characterization and measurements of the degree to which OVD deteriorate with circulation is one such problem. One particular benefit of the implemented suggested solution is the characterization and measurement aim at aspects influencing human based (“first line”) inspection. The principally difference in the problems treated indicates the generality of the system, which is a third significant project achievement.

The system developed achieves the accuracy and precision including a resolution, dynamic range and contrast sensitivity function required for a technology independent standard protocol of “optical document security” OVDs. These abilities facilitate the definition and verification of program of requirements for the development of new security documents. Adding also the capability of interlinking first, second and third line inspection based characterizations may prove a particular valuable combination, which is a fourth significant project achievement.

The information content (Entropy) of characterized OVDs and OVD production limitations in combination opens for OVD based novel applications of “physically unclonable functions” (PUF). This is of significance as it would generalize the established OVDs to facilitate multimodal verification, including PUF verification. The OVDs would thereby transform into a combined PUF first line inspection facilitating security feature.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2018. p. 81
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1955
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151626 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-151626 (DOI)9789176852064 (ISBN)
Public defence
2018-10-19, Domen, Visualiseringscenter C, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 08:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2018-09-28 Created: 2018-09-28 Last updated: 2019-09-30Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publishers fulltext

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Lindstrand, Mikael
In the same journal
Journal of Imaging Science and Technology
Other Physics Topics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

urn-nbn

Altmetric score

urn-nbn
Total: 94 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf