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Cyclin-dependent kinase 8/19 inhibition suppresses osteoclastogenesis by downregulating RANK and promotes osteoblast mineralization and cancellous bone healing.
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Cell Biology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
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2019 (English)In: Journal of Cellular Physiology, ISSN 0021-9541, E-ISSN 1097-4652, Vol. 234, no 9, p. 16503-16516Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator that acts depending on context and cell type. While primarily under investigation as potential cancer therapeutics, some inhibitors of CDK8-and its paralog CDK19-have been reported to affect the osteoblast lineage and bone formation. This study investigated the effects of two selective CDK8/19 inhibitors on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblasts in vitro, and further evaluated how local treatment with a CDK8/19 inhibitor affects cancellous bone healing in rats. CDK8/19 inhibitors did not alter the proliferation of neither mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) nor primary mouse osteoblasts. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from mouse BMMs was suppressed markedly by inhibition of CDK8/19, concomitant with reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels. This was accompanied by downregulation of PU.1, RANK, NF-κB, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc1), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), TRAP, and cathepsin K in RANKL-stimulated BMMs. Downregulating RANK and its downstream signaling in osteoclast precursors enforce CDK8/19 inhibitors as anticatabolic agents to impede excessive osteoclastogenesis. In mouse primary osteoblasts, CDK8/19 inhibition did not affect differentiation but enhanced osteoblast mineralization by promoting alkaline phosphatase activity and downregulating osteopontin, a negative regulator of mineralization. In rat tibiae, a CDK8/19 inhibitor administered locally promoted cancellous bone regeneration. Our data indicate that inhibitors of CDK8/19 have the potential to develop into therapeutics to restrict osteolysis and enhance bone regeneration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019. Vol. 234, no 9, p. 16503-16516
Keywords [en]
CDK8, RANK, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
National Category
Cell and Molecular Biology Medicinal Chemistry
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154927DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28321ISI: 000470174200186PubMedID: 30793301OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-154927DiVA, id: diva2:1293895
Note

Funding agencies: Vetenskapsradet [521-2013-2593, 2016-06097, K2015-99x-10363-23-4, 2016-01822]; Swedish Research Council

Available from: 2019-03-05 Created: 2019-03-05 Last updated: 2019-07-03
In thesis
1. Aseptic Loosening of Orthopedic Implants: Osteoclastogenesis Regulation and Potential Therapeutics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Aseptic Loosening of Orthopedic Implants: Osteoclastogenesis Regulation and Potential Therapeutics
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Aseptic loosening is the main cause of failure of orthopedic prostheses. With no pharmaceuticals to prevent or mitigate periprosthetic bone degradation, a surgery to replace the loose implant with a new one is the only choice to restore patients’ function. Most studies on mechanisms for aseptic loosening investigate wear debris particle-induced osteolysis. However, pathological loading conditions around unstable implants can also trigger osteoclast differentiation and bone loss.

In the first study, global gene expression changes induced by mechanical instability of implants, and by titanium particles were compared in a validated rat model for aseptic loosening. Microarray analysis showed that similar signaling pathways and gene expression patterns are involved in particle- and instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis with an early onset innate immune response as a hallmark of osteolysis induced by mechanical instability.

Further, effects of potential therapeutics on restriction of excessive osteoclast differentiation were evaluated. Wnt signaling pathway is known to regulate bone remodeling. In the second study, effects of inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), a negative regulator of canonical Wnt signaling, on instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis were examined using our rat model for aseptic loosening. Inhibition of GSK-3β led to a decrease in osteoclast numbers in the periprosthetic bone tissue exposed to mechanical instability while osteoblast perimeter showed an increase. This was accompanied by higher bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in animals treated with the GSK-3β inhibitor.

In the third study, potential beneficial effects of two selective inhibitors of cyclindependent kinase 8/19 (CDK8/19) on bone tissue were evaluated. CDK8/19 is a Mediator complex-associated transcriptional regulator involved in several signaling pathways. CDK8/19 inhibitors, mainly under investigation as treatments for tumors, are reported to enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We show in this study, for the first time, that inhibition of CDK8/19 led to marked suppression of osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages in vitro through disruption of the RANK signaling. In mouse primary osteoblasts downregulation of osteopontin mRNA, a negative regulator of mineralization, together with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition indicated that osteoblast mineralization was promoted by CDK8/19 inhibition. Moreover, local administration of a CDK8/19 inhibitor promoted cancellous bone regeneration in a rat model for bone healing.

These studies contribute to better understanding of mechanisms behind mechanical instability-induced periprosthetic osteolysis and propose potential therapeutics to restrict bone loss with effects on both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2019. p. 41
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1634
National Category
Cell Biology Cell and Molecular Biology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154926 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-154926 (DOI)9789176852385 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-03-26, Belladonna, Campus US, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
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Available from: 2019-03-05 Created: 2019-03-05 Last updated: 2019-05-24Bibliographically approved

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Amirhosseini, MehdiBernhardsson, MagnusFahlgren, Anna

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