In this theoretical paper we describe and compare two forward-looking approaches to assessment, Formative assessment (FA) and Response to intervention (RTI). The purpose is to provide researchers and practitioners with insights that enable more informed decisions regarding forward-looking assessments that support students learning. In the descriptions of FA and RTI a number of key aspects were identified. For FA; classroom context, students involvement, feedback to students, qualitative focus and for RTI; systematic organisation, data based decision making, evidence based instruction and standardized tests. In a subsequent analysis we use a Venn-diagram to highlight the unique key aspects of FA and RTI and common key aspects termed; forward-looking assessment, goals and criteria, and assessment competence. Finally, we argue for a pragmatic view on assessments, that a wide scope of adjustments needs to be considered and that teachers need a comprehensive knowledge about assessment practices and to carefully follow students progress.