Energy efficiency remains a cornerstone in climate change mitigation. Research onimproved energy efficiency has shown the existence of a gap between the optimal and currentimplementation of energy efficient technologies, which is referred to as the energy efficiencygap. Studies have identified that energy efficiency could be further improved by includingenergy management practices alongside energy-efficient technologies. The inefficiencies ofenergy efficiency are commonly explained by the existence of various barriers to energyefficiency. Energy management is stated to be one of the foremost means of overcoming thesebarriers, and two important factors that can help are energy services and energy data monitoring.The aim of this paper is to address how energy services and energy data monitoring can helpeliminate the energy efficiency gap. The study has been carried out as a multiple case studyusing semi-structured interviews.Two aspects of energy management are included: Energy Performance Contract (EPC)and the concept of “Smart” processes and subprocesses. EPC is a commercial model that ispreferably to be designed in a way that it can remove barriers and allow driving forces to beeffective within the contract, and the concept of smart processes and subprocesses, that implies abetter use of big data from measurements and intra-machine connectivity by using the Internet ofThings. Major barriers to energy efficiency are high transaction costs, problems with financingand competition with in-house expertise. Thus, by introducing the EPC and “Smart” concept, areduction of the energy efficiency gap could be achieved.