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A relational perspective on the association between working alliance and treatment outcome
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2093-2510
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Stockholm Univ, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Psychology. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.
2020 (English)In: Psychotherapy Research, ISSN 1050-3307, E-ISSN 1468-4381, Vol. 30, no 1, p. 13-22Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Objective: Evidence is inconclusive on whether variability in alliance ratings within or between therapists is a better predictor of treatment outcome. The objective of the present study was to explore between and within patient and therapist variability in alliance ratings, reciprocity among them, and their significance for treatment outcome. Method: A large primary care psychotherapy sample was used. Patient and therapist ratings of the working alliance at session three and patient ratings of psychological distress pre-post were used for analyses. A one-with-many analytical design was used in order to address problems associated with nonindependence. Results: Within-therapist variation in alliance ratings accounted for larger shares of the total variance than between-therapist variation in both therapist and patient ratings. Associations between averaged patient and therapist ratings of the alliance for the individual therapists and their average treatment outcome were weak but the associations between specific alliance ratings and treatment outcome within therapies were strong. Conclusions: The results indicated a substantial dyadic reciprocity in alliance ratings. Within-therapist variation in alliance was a better predictor of treatment outcome than between-therapist variation in alliance ratings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2020. Vol. 30, no 1, p. 13-22
Keywords [en]
Alliance; outcome Research; process Research; statistical methodology
National Category
Applied Psychology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171686DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1516306ISI: 000587871300002PubMedID: 30165801Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85053324349OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-171686DiVA, id: diva2:1504997
Available from: 2020-11-30 Created: 2020-11-30 Last updated: 2021-01-21Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Looking into the Future: How to Use Advanced Statistical Methods for Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes in Routine Care
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Looking into the Future: How to Use Advanced Statistical Methods for Predicting Psychotherapy Outcomes in Routine Care
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Att se in i framtiden : Hur avancerade statistiska metoder kan användas för att predicera psykoterapiutfall inom rutinmässig vård
Abstract [en]

Psychotherapy research has shifted from mainly focusing on the average effects of different treatments to concentrating more on questions related to the individual patient. When research attention shifts, it can give rise to the implementation of new statistical methods that, in turn, can illuminate new challenges that must be addressed.

The aim of the thesis was to study how traditional methods for predicting certain psychotherapy outcomes have been conducted in the past, and how more advanced statistical methods might be used to enhance knowledge of how to predict these outcomes today.

Three studies were performed: Paper I focused on how Multi Level Modeling (MLM) can be used to study certain aspects of the relationship between working alliance and treatment outcome. In Paper II, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) and item-level analysis were used to give nuance to the relationship between psychological distress at baseline and change rate during treatment. Finally, in Paper III, Machine Learning (ML) was used to detect dropout patients in the early phase of treatment by exploring complex patterns of symptom distress during the early phase of treatment.

The thesis showed how different goals of scientific exploration can be studied in the context of routine care with the use of these statistical frameworks and discussed some of the challenges and opportunities worth noting when entering this line of research. 

Abstract [sv]

Psykoterapiforskning har på senare tid gått från att fokusera på genomsnittliga effekter av olika behandlingsinriktningar, till att inrikta sig mer mot den enskilda patienten. När fokus förflyttas på det här sättet kan det leda till att nya statistiska metoder behöver tillämpas vilket i sin tur kan leda till nya utmaningar för psykoterapiforskaren.

Syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka hur traditionella statistiska metoder har använts för att studera olika typer av psykoterapiutfall i rutinmässig vård, och hur mer avancerade statistiska metoder kan tillämpas för att öka kunskapen om hur dessa utfall kan prediceras.

Tre studier genomfördes. Studie I fokuserade på hur flernivåanalys kan användas för att studera relationen mellan arbetsallians och behandlingsutfall. I studie II användes latent profilanalys för att studera sambandet mellan psykologiska besvär vid det första besöket och symptomförändring under behandlingens gång. Slutligen, I studie III, tillämpades maskininlärning för att upptäcka patienter med risk att hoppa av behandlingen i förtid.

Sammanfattningsvis belystes i avhandlingen hur olika typer av vetenskapliga frågeställningar kan studeras i en klinisk kontext med hjälp av dessa statistiska ramverk samt några av de fördelar och begräsningar som är viktiga att notera när de tillämpas.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2021. p. 70
Series
Linköping Studies in Arts and Sciences, ISSN 0282-9800 ; 803Linköping Studies in Behavioural Science, ISSN 1654-2029 ; 226
Keywords
Statistics, Machine learning, Multilevel modeling, Latent profile analysis, Prediction, Psychotherapy, Routine care, Outcome, Statistik, Maskininlärning, Latent profilanalys, Flernivåanalys, Prediktion, Psykoterapi, Rutinmässig vård, Utfall
National Category
Applied Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172754 (URN)10.3384/diss.diva-172754 (DOI)9789179297091 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-02-26, Online through Zoom (contact britt-marie.alfredsson@liu.se) and TEMCAS, Building T, Campus Valla, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding agencies: Västra Götalandsregionen, Kungälvs sjukhus and Forskningsrådet för Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd (FORTE)

Numbering within the first series is incorrect on cover. Correct number is 803.

Available from: 2021-01-21 Created: 2021-01-21 Last updated: 2021-02-01Bibliographically approved

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Uckelstam, Carl-Johan

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