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Precisionsmedicin standard vid flera hematologiska sjukdomar: Genpanelsekvensering viktig för diagnos och riktad behandling [Precision diagnostics and therapy in hematological malignancies]
Karolinska institutet, Sverige; Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Sverige.
Uppsala universitet och Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sverige.
Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Haematology. Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology.
Göteborgs universitet, Sverige; Södra Älvsborgs sjukhus, Borås, Sverige.
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2021 (Swedish)In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 118Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Precision diagnostics and therapy have been implemented rather early in clinical hematology due to the easy accessibility of blood and bone marrow, allowing not only for consecutive genetic analysis at diagnosis, remission and relapse, but also for culturing these cells and testing new drugs in vitro. One contributing factor has also been the relatively low number of »driver« mutations in hematologic malignancies and that some of them are gain of function mutations that are relatively easy to target by drugs. Examples of this development are ABL1-, JAK2-, and FLT3-inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute myeloid leukemia, respectively. More recently, gene panel sequencing has been introduced in clinical routine to identify genetic alterations with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive impact, and more sensitive techniques to monitor minimal residual disease are emerging. Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing are currently evaluated as the next diagnostic tool. Finally, a large number of targeted therapies are currently under development and/or undergoing clinical trials.

Abstract [sv]

Precisionsmedicin i form av specifik molekylär diagnostik och skräddarsydd behandling är sedan länge standard för flera hematologiska sjukdomar.

Vid mer komplexa hematologiska maligniteter är genpanelsekvensering i dag ett viktigt diagnostiskt verktyg och utgör grund för prognostisk bedömning och riktadbehandling.

Genpanelsekvensering kan även påvisa ärftlig predisposition för vissa hematologiska sjukdomar.

Precisionsverktyg för analys av minimal kvarvarande sjukdom efter behandling förbättrar uppföljningen.

Det finns ett stort antal precisionsläkemedel för hematologiska sjukdomar som är godkända eller befinner sigi klinisk prövning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sveriges Läkarförbund , 2021. Vol. 118
National Category
Hematology
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URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-185095PubMedID: 33973223OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-185095DiVA, id: diva2:1658786
Available from: 2022-05-17 Created: 2022-05-17 Last updated: 2022-05-17Bibliographically approved

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Cammenga, Jörg

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Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of HaematologyDivision of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology
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