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Mathematical Analysis of the Role of HIV/HBV Latency in Hepatocytes
Kyambogo Univ, Uganda.
Lappeenranta Lahti Univ Technol, Finland.
Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9896-4438
2021 (English)In: Journal of Applied Mathematics, ISSN 1110-757X, E-ISSN 1687-0042, Vol. 2021, article id 5525857Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The biggest challenge of treating HIV is rampant liver-related morbidity and mortality. This is, to some extent, attributed to hepatocytes acting as viral reservoirs to both HIV and HBV. Viral reservoirs harbour latent provirus, rendering it inaccessible by combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) that is specific to actively proliferating virus. Latency reversal agents (LRA) such as Shock and kill or lock and block, aiming at activating the latently infected cells, have been developed. However, they are CD4+ cell-specific only. There is evidence that the low replication level of HIV in hepatocytes is mainly due to the latency of the provirus in these cells. LRA are developed to reduce the number of latently infected cells; however, the impact of the period viral latency in hepatocytes especially, during HIV/HBV coinfection, needs to be investigated. Viral coinfection coupled with lifelong treatment of HIV/HBV necessitates investigation for the optimal control strategy. We propose a coinfection mathematical model with delay and use optimal control theory to analyse the effect of viral latency in hepatocytes on the dynamics of HIV/HBV coinfection. Analytical results indicate that HBV cannot take a competitive exclusion against HIV; thus, the coinfection endemic equilibrium implies chronic HBV in HIV-infected patients. Numerical and analytical results indicate that both HIV and HBV viral loads are higher with longer viral latency period in hepatocytes, which indicates the need to upgrade LRA to other non-CD4+ cell viral reservoirs. Higher viral load caused by viral latency coupled with the effects of cART partly explains why liver-related complications are the leading cause of mortality in HIV-infected persons.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
HINDAWI LTD , 2021. Vol. 2021, article id 5525857
National Category
Neurology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-187899DOI: 10.1155/2021/5525857ISI: 000841802100001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-187899DiVA, id: diva2:1691907
Note

Funding Agencies|Sida Phase 4 Bilateral Program; Makerere University 2015-2020; Kyambogo University; Linkopings University

Available from: 2022-08-31 Created: 2022-08-31 Last updated: 2022-08-31

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