The Muslim rule in Southern Europe has left a profound imprint in the culture and architecture of the areas it occupied. There are a few oldest European mosques and palaces which have survived until present day. Some of them, such as the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, have been converted into Christian cathedrals. By using the example of Islamic architecture in Europe, this article focusses on the distinctively Muslim elements in architecture and interior decor, and their influence upon European urban culture.