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Reading the Code Between the Lines: Exploring the Structure of metaphors in educational programming resources
Linköping University, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Division of Learning, Aesthetics, Natural Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Educational Sciences.
2022 (English)In: NorDiNa: Nordic Studies in Science Education, ISSN 1504-4556, E-ISSN 1894-1257, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 305-322Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Recent work in computer science education shows that natural language plays a pivotal role in learners’ understanding of programming concepts. This study explores metaphorical expressions in four computer programming textbooks and online resources in Swedish upper secondary education. The Metaphor Identification Procedure was applied to identify metaphoric language. The metaphors reveal how expressions such as the ‘program asking’ or the ‘function building’ are structured in relation to embodied experiences. The results show that central concepts are structured in relation to metaphors such as Inanimate Phenomena are Human Agents and Organisation is Physical Structure. Findings also demonstrate differences in the types of metaphors are present in each resource, with Events are Actions communicated most frequently. Lastly, the resources vary in how they describe the role of the programmer: as a ‘constructor’ or ‘instructor’. This implies that the discovered metaphoric structure in textual resources might influence students’ subsequent learning of programming concepts.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Universitetet i Oslo , 2022. Vol. 18, no 3, p. 305-322
National Category
Educational Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-190391DOI: 10.5617/nordina.8774OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-190391DiVA, id: diva2:1716645
Available from: 2022-12-06 Created: 2022-12-06 Last updated: 2024-08-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Metaphor in Mind: Programming Teachers' Knowledge and Beliefs in Action
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Metaphor in Mind: Programming Teachers' Knowledge and Beliefs in Action
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
På tal om metaforer : Programmeringslärares kunskap och självupplevda förståelse av sin undervisning
Abstract [en]

Programming has become an integral component of technology education around the world and is an important part of Swedish curriculum reform and classroom teaching. This thesis aims to explore relations between programming teachers' knowledge and beliefs about programming teaching and how it is enacted in their practice. In response, three studies were designed to investigate teachers' knowledge on three analytical levels: metaphorical expression, meaning, and understanding. The research relies heavily on triangulation and draws on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the Refined Consensus Model (RCM) for Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) as an analytical framework. Data consists of metaphorical expressions in four educational texts, three classroom observations and interviews, and eighteen online video clips. Metaphors were analysed by deploying the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), Metaphor Identification Guidelines for Gesture (MIG-G), and Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS), respectively. Study 1 revealed that programming metaphors (designated in uppercase) can be categorised as being either related to the function (e.g., PROGRAMMING IS BUILDING, or DATA IS A PHYSICAL OBJECT) of the computer, or the intention of the programmer (e.g., "jump between code lines", or "tell the system that..."). In addition to confirming that many of the metaphors in Study 1 are employed in classroom teaching, Study 2 shows the teachers use of metaphor in gestures when teaching programming. For example, a teacher might hold an "object" while speaking about a programming concept, and thereby expose the use of the metaphor A PROGRAMMING CONCEPT IS A PHYSICAL OBJECT. The study also found that the teachers frame their teaching in relation to building, instructing, mentoring, and problem solving. Study 3 explored spatiality of a teacher’s metaphorical expressions. Findings illuminated that the teacher’s utterances rarely display connections between programming concepts and spatiality. Overall, the thesis identifies key metaphors contained in texts, speech, and gestures in the programming classroom. The research also shows how the teachers enact teaching differently, thus implying salient connections between their knowledge, beliefs, and action.

Abstract [sv]

Programmering är en integrerad del av teknikundervisning världen över samt en viktig del av svensk läroplansreform. Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka programmeringslärares kunskap och självupplevda förståelse för sin undervisning samt hur den manifesteras i klassrummet. För att uppnå detta syfte har tre studier utformats. Studierna lärarnas kunskap på tre analytiska nivåer: metaforiska uttryck, mening och förståelse. Avhandlingen använder triangulering samt en kombination av konceptuell metaforteori och the Refined Concensus Model for PCK som analytisk grund. Datan består av metaforiska uttryck identifierade i fyra texter, tre klassrumsobservationer och intervjuer samt arton videoklipp. Metaforerna har analyserats med hjälp av Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP), Metaphor Identification Guidelines for Gesture (MIG-G) och Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS). Studie 1 visar att programmeringsmetaforer (noterade med versaler) kan kategoriseras som antingen relaterade till datorns funktion (PROGRAMMERING ÄR BYGGANDE eller DATA ÄR FYSISKA OBJEKT) eller programmerarens intentioner (t.ex. "hoppa mellan rader" och "berätta för programmet att..."). Förutom att de metaforer som identifierats i Studie 1 även används i klassrummen visar Studie 2 att lärarna använder gester som metaforer i sin undervisning. Exempelvis kan en lärare hålla ett "objekt" medan han berättar om ett programmeringskoncept. På så sätt blir handen en metafor för PROGRAMMERINGSKONCEPT ÄR ETT FYSISKT OBJEKT. Studien visar även att lärarna ramar in sin undervisning i relation till byggande, instruerande, mentorskap och problemlösning. Studie 3 undersökte rumsligheten i en lärares metaforiska uttryck. Studiens resultat visar att läraren sällan gör kopplingar mellan programmeringskoncept och rumslighet. Sammantaget påvisar denna avhandling vissa nyckelmetaforer som används i klassrummet. Forskningen visar även att lärare utformar sin undervisning på olika vis, vilket tyder på att lärares kunskap om och självupplevda förståelse för sin undervisning påverkar hur undervisningen formas.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. p. 113
Series
Studies in Science and Technology Education, ISSN 1652-5051 ; 119
Keywords
Conceptual Metaphor, Speech and Gesture, Programming Education, Technology, Konceptuella metaforer, Gestanalys, Programmeringsundervisning, Teknik
National Category
Didactics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193566 (URN)10.3384/978910752381 (DOI)9789180752374 (ISBN)9789180752381 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-09, K2, Kåkenhus, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-05-05 Created: 2023-05-05 Last updated: 2023-10-05Bibliographically approved

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