Planning, analytic tools and the use of cost-benefit analysis in the transport sector in Norway and Sweden. Economic impact assessment is frequently used both nationally and internationally to appraise and evaluate large public investment projects. It is used to demonstrate the consequences of using resources in the public sectors and determines whether a given project is economically viable or not. In this report, we compare the use of Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), which is an element of economic impact assessment, in prioritizing road projects, in Norway and Sweden. The overall objective is to shed light on the differences that may exist such that the two countries can learn from each other and improve their use of CBA when selecting investment portfolios. Specifically, we explore the differences in planning processes, methodological approaches used and the unit prices used in CBAs. Using data from the countries’ latest national transport plans, we compare the significance of CBA in the prioritization of projects.