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Tuning of Quasi-Vertical GaN FinFETs Fabricated on SiC Substrates
Department of Electrical and Information Technology and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. (Center for III-Nitride Technology, C3NiT-Janzén, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5824-6378
Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Semiconductor Materials. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. NanoLund and the Physics Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. (Centre for III-nitride technology (C3NiT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8112-7411
Department of Electrical and Information Technology and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
2023 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, ISSN 0018-9383, E-ISSN 1557-9646, Vol. 70, no 5, p. 2408-2414Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this work, we present the fabrication and investigation of the properties of quasi-vertical gallium nitride (GaN) fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates and the influence of a postgate metallization annealing (PMA). The devices reveal low subthreshold swings (SSs) down to around 70 mV/dec. For a 1- μm -thick drift layer, a low ON-resistance below 0.05 mΩ⋅ cm2 (normalized on the fin area) and a breakdown voltage of 60 V were obtained. Devices with included PMA show a decreased threshold voltage and ON-resistance and by several orders of magnitude reduced gate leakage current compared to non-annealed devices. The devices show ohmic contact behavior and slightly negative threshold voltages, which indicates normally- ON behavior. The effective and field-effect mobility of the fin channel was obtained with a modeled carrier concentration and reveal to around 70 and 13 cm2/(Vs) at high gate voltages, which is in a good comparison to so far reported similar devices.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023. Vol. 70, no 5, p. 2408-2414
Keywords [en]
Fin field effect transistor (FinFET), gallium nitride (GaN), quasi-vertical, silicon carbide (SiC)
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193272DOI: 10.1109/TED.2023.3263154ISI: 000973178200001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-193272DiVA, id: diva2:1753456
Funder
Vinnova, 2022-03139Swedish Research Council, 2016-00889Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RIF14-055 and EM16-0024
Note

Funding: Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) [2022-03139]; Swedish Research Council (VR) [2016-00889]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [RIF14-055, EM16-0024]

Available from: 2023-04-27 Created: 2023-04-27 Last updated: 2023-12-28
In thesis
1. Epitaxy of group III-nitride materials using different nucleation schemes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Epitaxy of group III-nitride materials using different nucleation schemes
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Group III-nitride materials, gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum nitride (AlN) and indium nitride (InN) have direct band gaps with band gap energies ranging from the infrared (InN) to the ultraviolet (GaN) and to the deep ultraviolet (AlN) wave-lengths, covering the entire spectral range from 0.7 eV to 6.2 eV upon alloying. The invention of the GaN-based blue LEDs, for which the Nobel prize in Physics was awarded in 2014, has opened up avenues for exploration of III-Nitride mate-rial and device technologies, and has inspired generations of researchers in the semiconductor field. Group III-nitrides have also been demonstrated to be among the most promising semiconductors for next generation of efficient high-power, high-temperature and high-frequency electronic devices. 

The need to build a sustainable and efficient energy system motivates the development of vertical GaN transistors and diodes for applications with power ratings of 50-150 kW, e.g., in electric vehicles and industrial inverters. The key is to grow GaN layers with low concentration of defects (impurities and dislocations), which enables an expansion in both voltage and current ratings and reduction of cost. Despite intense investigations and impressive advances in the field, defects are still a major problem which hinders exploiting the full potential of GaN in power electronics. 

The aim of this thesis is to perform an in-depth investigation of the growth of GaN and AlGaN under several nucleation mechanisms provided by different underlying substrates. In that regard, four different epitaxial approaches based on different nucleation schemes have been studied: (i) growth of planar GaN layers trough NWs reformation. We investigated GaN layers with different thicknesses on reformed GaN NW templates and highlight this approach as an alternative to the expensive HVPE GaN substrates. The sapphire used as a substrate limits to some extent the reduction of threading dislocations, however, the resulting GaN material presents smooth surfaces and thermal conductivity close to the value for bulk GaN. (ii) Homoepitaxial GaN growth. We developed a hot-wall MOCVD epitaxial approach that enables low surface roughness and appropriate impurity levels for advanced vertical power device architectures. A comprehensive picture of GaN homoepitaxy on different GaN surfaces, GaN templates on SiC and HVPE GaN substrates, is established on the basis of experimental results and thermodynamic considerations. (iii) GaN growth on GaN NWs templates by hot-wall MOCVD resulted in an atomically flat smooth surface with reduction of threading dislocations when the optimum annealing conditions have been employed. (iv) Heteroepitaxial growth of low Al composition n-AlxGa1-xN on SiC substrates revealed 700 nm crack-free epi-layers for an Al composition up to 12%. The highest mobility corresponds to an Al content of 6.5% where we also get a reduction in screw and edge dislocations. The results show the potential application of AlxGa1-xN(x= 0 - 0.12) as the active material for drift layers. 

Some of the epitaxial approaches developed in this thesis have been already implemented in the growth of power devices such as quasi-vertical GaN FinFETs on SiC substrates and fully-vertical GaN FinFETs on HVPE GaN substrates. 

Abstract [sv]

Grupp III-nitrider är halvledare med direkta bandgap där bandgapsenergierna spänner från det infraröda till djupt ultravioletta banden. Tillräknade i den gruppen är galliumnitrid (GaN), aluminiumnitrid (AlN) samt indiumnitrid (InN) som tillsammans kan realisera alla bandgapsenergier från 0.7 eV (InN) till 6.2 eV (AlN) genom legering. Utvecklingen av GaN-baserade blå LED:er, som tilldelades 2014 års Nobelpris i fysik, har öppnat många nya dörrar inom III-nitridforskning och skapat många nya tillämpningar av halvledarmaterial. Till exempel har grupp III-nitrider påvisats mycket lovande som nästa generations högeffekts- och högfrekvenskomponenter inom elektroniken. Efterfrågan på hållbara och effektiva energisystem har drivit utvecklingen av vertikala GaN-transistorer och dioder för tillämpning inom 50-150 kW omfånget, så som elektriska fordon och industriella växelriktare. Nyckeln ligger i att växa lager av GaN med låg konsentration av defekter (orenheter och dislokations), som både kan öka spänningsfönstret och strömstyrkan och samtidigt reducera kostnaden. Defekter har däremot varit svåra att kontrollera och trots mänger av framsteg är det fortfarande den stora utmaningen för att fullt kunna utnyttja potentialen av GaN inom elektronik.

Målet i denna avhandling är att utföra fördjupade undersökningar av GaN- och AlGaN-tillväxt vid olika betingade tillväxtmekanismer som funktion av tillväxtsubstrat. Fyra olika epitaxiella tillvägagångsätt har studerats med tillhörande nukleationsmekanismer. (i) Tillväxt av plana GaN-lager genom nanotråd-reformation. Vi har undersökt GaN med olika tjocklekar på omformade GaN nanotråd-mallar och påvisar att metoden är ett alternativ till dyra HVPE GaN-substrat. Safiren som används som substrat begränsar till viss del en reducering av slingrande dislokationer men den resulterande GaN-ytan är jämn och har en termisk ledningsförmåga nära GaN i bulk. (ii) Homoepitaxiell GaN-tillväxt. Vi utvecklade en hetväggs MOCVD-epitaxi som möjliggör en låg ytojämnhet och en låg nivå av orenheter för avancerade vertikala högeffektsarkitekturer. En omfattande ter-modynamisk och experimentell bild har etablerats av GaN homoepitaxi på olika GaN-ytor, GaN-mallar på SiC samt på HVPE GaN-substrat. (iii) GaN tillväxt på GaN nanotrådmallar via hetväggs MOCVD resulterar i en atomärt jämn yta med en reducering av slingande dislokationer när optimerad glödgning har utförts. (iv) Heteroepitaxiell tillväxt av låg-nivå Al inblandning i n-AlxGa1-xN på SiC-substrat leder till 700 nm sprickfria epi-lager, för Al-inblandning upp till 12%. Den högsta uppmätta mobiliteten ficks vid 6.5% Al där också en reducering av skruv- och kant- dislokationer noterades. Resultaten visar på potentialen för n-AlxGa1-xN (x = 0 - 0.12) som aktiva material i driftlager.

En del av de epitaxiella tillvägagångssätten som utvecklats i denna avhandling har redan implementerats i tillväxt av högeffektskomponenter så som quasi-vertikala GaN FinFETs på SiC och vertikala GaN FinFETs på HVPE GaN-substrat.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. p. 81
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 2296
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-193274 (URN)10.3384/9789180750752 (DOI)9789180750745 (ISBN)9789180750752 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-06-09, Planck, F-building, Campus Valla, Linköping, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

Funding agencies: Swedish Research Council (VR) under Grant No. 2016 − 00889, (ii) the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) under the Competence Center Program, Grant No. 2016 − 05190, (iii) the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University, Faculty Grant SFO Mat LiU No. 2009 − 00971, and (iv) the Swedish Foundationfor Strategic Research (SSF), under Grant No. EM16 − 0024.

Available from: 2023-04-27 Created: 2023-04-27 Last updated: 2023-12-28Bibliographically approved

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Delgado Carrascon, RosaliaDarakchieva, Vanya

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