While transport is inevitable in our economy and daily lives, it also engenders many negative effects on the economy, society, and environment. A great share of the external costs associated with climate change is attributable to transport. However, most damage costs are not entirely carried by the causer of the nuisances, hence not internalized in the pricing system. The alarming pace at which global warming and climate change are escalating cannot be denied. The transport sector still lags behind with regards to emitted greenhouse gases and faces difficulties to achieve the emission reduction goals. In order to meet the set targets by 2030 and 2050 and tackle this urgent challenge, the implementation of multiple measures will be required. In line with the ‘polluter pays’ principle, a possible instrument to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the internalization rate of road freight transport is the implementation of a road pricing scheme. Not only would it stimulate the use of more environmentally friendly vehicles; this concept could also prove its use in pursuing a level playing field across different transport modes. Implementation of a pricing system should be well thought of, as perverse effects can easily arise. Road pricing will also incentivize the switch to zero-emission vehicles. A pricing scheme should be implemented coherently on a European level in order to avoid additional kilometres due to detour and related externalities.