Purpose:<bold> </bold>To compare the patient-derived modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (P-mJOA) scale with the European myelopathy score (EMS) for the assessment of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).Methods:<bold> </bold>In this register-based cohort study with prospectively collected data, included patients were surgically treated for DCM and had reported both P-mJOA and EMS scores at baseline, 1-year follow-up, and/or 2-year follow-up to the Swedish Spine Register. P-mJOA and EMS scores were defined as severe (P-mJOA 0-11 and EMS 5-8), moderate (P-mJOA 12-14 and EMS 9-12), or mild (P-mJOA 15-18 and EMS 13-18). P-mJOA and EMS mean scores were compared, and agreement was evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho), the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and kappa (kappa) statistics.Results:<bold> </bold>Included patients (n = 714, mean age 63.2 years, 42.2% female) completed 937 pairs of the P-mJOA and the EMS. The mean P-mJOA and EMS scores were 13.9 +/- 3.0 and 14.5 +/- 2.7, respectively (mean difference -0.61 [95% CI -0.72 to -0.51; p < 0.001]). Spearman's rho was 0.84 (p < 0.001), and intra-rater agreement measured with ICC was 0.83 (p < 0.001). Agreement of severity level measured with unweighted and weighted kappa was fair (kappa = 0.22 [p < 0.001]; kappa = 0.34 [p < 0.001], respectively). Severity levels were significantly higher using the P-mJOA (p < 0.001).Conclusion:<bold> </bold>The P-mJOA and the EMS had similar mean scores, and intra-rater agreement was high, whereas severity levels only demonstrated fair agreement. The EMS has a lower sensitivity for detecting severe myelopathy but shows an increasing agreement with the P-mJOA for milder disease severity. A larger interval to define severe myelopathy with the EMS is recommended.