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Using the 5-Item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) to Screen for Non-adherence to Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation After Bariatric Surgery
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5716-8520
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology. Linköping University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Region Östergötland, Center for Surgery, Orthopaedics and Cancer Treatment, Department of Surgery in Norrköping.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7218-3390
Linnaeus Univ, Sweden; Kalmar Cty Council, Sweden.
Univ London, England.
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2024 (English)In: Obesity Surgery, ISSN 0960-8923, E-ISSN 1708-0428Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

IntroductionPoor adherence to recommended vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery is common and challenging for healthcare professionals to identify. There are several questionnaires for self-reporting of adherence to chronic medication, but none has so far been evaluated for assessment of adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in measuring adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation post bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy).MethodThe psychometric properties of MARS-5 for vitamin and mineral supplementation were validated in two cohorts: one at 1 year post bariatric surgery (n = 120) and the other at 2 years post-surgery (n = 211). MARS-5 was compared to pharmacy refill data for vitamin B12 and combined calcium/vitamin D as reference.ResultsCorrelation analyses demonstrated that the MARS-5 had acceptable validity compared to objectively measured adherence rates from pharmacy refill data (calculated as continuous, multiple-interval measures of medication availability/gaps-coefficient ranged from 0.49 to 0.54). Internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was high: 0.81 and 0.95, respectively. There was a clear ceiling effect where one out of three had a maximum score on MARS-5.ConclusionMARS-5 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties for assessment of adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation post bariatric surgery.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SPRINGER , 2024.
Keywords [en]
Adherence; Compliance; Gastric bypass; Sleeve gastrectomy; Bariatric surgery; Vitamin; Mineral; Deficiencies; Obesity
National Category
Surgery
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-200510DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07027-xISI: 001136126300002PubMedID: 38177555OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-200510DiVA, id: diva2:1832592
Note

Funding Agencies|Linkping University

Available from: 2024-01-30 Created: 2024-01-30 Last updated: 2024-10-10
In thesis
1. Vitamins and Minerals after Bariatric Surgery: Adherence and Deficiencies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vitamins and Minerals after Bariatric Surgery: Adherence and Deficiencies
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that increases the risk of other serious medical conditions. Bariatric surgery provides long-term weight loss and remission of obesity-related comorbidities. Currently, about 1% of the Swedish population have undergone bariatric surgery. A side effect of the bariatric operations is an increased risk of micronutrient deficiencies, which can lead to nutritional complications, including anemia. Therefore, a lifelong vitamin and mineral supplementation is recommended.

This thesis aims to assess real-world use of vitamin and mineral supplements after bariatric surgery with a particular focus on adherence and patterns of biochemical deficiencies.

Study I is a cohort study assessing adherence to vitamin and mineral supplements and development of biochemical deficiencies two years after bariatric surgery.

Study II validates the psychometric properties of the patient questionnaire 5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) in measuring adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery.

Study III is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of the PromMera smartphone application, designed to improve adherence to vitamin and mineral supplements after bariatric surgery.

Study IV is a cross-sectional registry study assessing prevalence of anemia up to 10 years after bariatric surgery and factors associated with anemia following bariatric surgery in a Swedish national cohort.

In this thesis it is concluded that: 1) Poor adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery is a concern, and about 10% of patients discontinue supplementation within two years after surgery. 2) The patient questionnaire MARS-5 may be a useful tool in identifying patients with poor adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation. 3) The PromMera smartphone application, designed to support adherence to vitamin and mineral supplementation after bariatric surgery, demonstrated no long-term benefits for adherence. 4) Five years after bariatric surgery, nearly one in five individuals in the Swedish cohort who have undergone bariatric surgery have anemia. Undergoing gastric bypass surgery (as compared to sleeve gastrectomy), female sex, large weight loss and young age at surgery is associated with an increased risk of anemia.

Abstract [sv]

Obesitas (fetma) är en global folksjukdom som medför risk för allvarliga följdsjukdomar och för tidig död. Obesitaskirurgi leder till bestående viktnedgång och förbättring av följdsjukdomar. Cirka 1 % av Sveriges befolkning har genomgått obesitaskirurgi. Operationerna leder till en ökad risk för vitamin-och mineralbrister som i förlängningen kan leda till bland annat blodbrist (anemi). För att förebygga dessa brister ordineras livslång daglig vitamin-och mineralbehandling efter obesitaskirurgi.

Det övergripande syftet med detta doktorandprojekt är att studera användningen av vitamin och mineraltillskott efter obesitaskirurgi, med ett särskilt fokus på följsamhet, samt kartlägga hur biokemiska brister kan förebyggas hos obesitasopererade personer.

Studie I är en kohortstudie som utvärderar följsamheten till vitamin- och mineraltillskott samt utveckling av biokemiska brister under de två första åren efter obesitaskirurgi. Studie II validerar en skattningsskalas (5-item Medication Adherence Report Scale’s [MARS-5]) förmåga att mäta följsamhet till vitamin- och mineraltillskott efter obesitaskirurgi. Studie III är en randomiserad kontrollerad studie som utvärderar effekten av smartphone-applikationen PromMera, som designats för att stötta följsamhet till vitamin- och mineraltillskott efter obesitaskirurgi. Studie IV är en registerstudie som undersöker anemiförekomst hos personer som genomgått obesitaskirurgi i Sverige, samt faktorer som är relaterade till ökad risk för anemi.

Avhandlingens slutsats är:

1) Ungefär en av tio patienter avslutar vitamin- och mineralbehandlingen, som var ordinerad livslångt, inom två år efter operationen.

2) Skattningsskalan MARS-5 kan användas som verktyg för att identifiera patienter med bristande följsamhet.

3) Användning av Smartphone-applikationen PromMera, som designats för att stödja följsamheten, visade ingen långsiktig positiv effekt.

4) Fem år efter obesitaskirurgi hade nästan var femte person som registrerats i det svenska kvalitetsregistret anemi. Kvinnligt kön, stor viktnedgång, ung ålder vid operation och att ha opererats med metoden gastric bypass (jämfört med sleeve-gastrektomi) ökar risken för anemi.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. p. 69
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1914
Keywords
Bariatric surgery, Vitamin and mineral supplementation, Adherence
National Category
Surgery
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-208390 (URN)10.3384/9789180756365 (DOI)9789180756358 (ISBN)9789180756365 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-11-22, Fornborgen, Vingården, Campus Norrköping, Norrköping, 13:00
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-10-10 Created: 2024-10-10 Last updated: 2024-10-10Bibliographically approved

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Spetz, KristinaOlbers, TorstenAndersson, Ellen
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Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and OncologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Clinical PharmacologyDepartment of Surgery in Norrköping
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