At the centre of this thesis is the early 20th century’s discussion on school, talent and social organisation. The period that is covered is 1910 – 1950. It is schools in the cities Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö that have been focused on. The overall purpose has been to analyse the importance that talent and intelligence had in relationship with the changes in the educational system.
Using this as a starting point, it was discussed how views on society’s talent resources and the abilities of individuals have formed 20th century social life. Emphasis on talent led to primarily two things: to utilise good talent and counteract poor talent. The thesis has mainly aimed at examining the social and institutional contexts in which intelligence testing came to be seen as usable. This
means that interest has been directed at the influence that different professionals had via deliberations, professionalizing and scientificating had on the forming of schools.
Theoretically the study has been inspired by Michel Foucault, which provided an excellent starting point that emphasises the connection between education and power. Through different boundaries and conclusions – “separating practices” – in the education system the individuals become visible in relation to different institutional arrangements and can therefore be construed both as individuals and groups. The thesis uses an historic perspective to study how power and knowledge in a given time formulate what is considered as a problem in society.