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On-chip Stimuli Generation for ADC Dynamic Test by ΣΔ Technique
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronic Devices. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
2009 (English)In: Proceedings in European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design 2009 (ECCTD´09), Antalya, Turkey, IEEE , 2009, p. 105-108Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents application of the ΣΔ modulation technique to the on-chip dynamic test for A/D converters. The wanted stimulus such as a single- or two-tone signal is encoded into one-bit ΣΔ sequence, which after simple low-pass filtering is applied to the circuit under test with low noise and without distortion. In this way a large dynamic range is achieved making the performance harmonic- and intermodulation dynamic test viable. By a systematic approach we select the order and type of a ΣΔ modulator, and develop the frequency plan suitable for spectral measurements on a chip. The technique is illustrated by simulation of a practical ADC under test.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE , 2009. p. 105-108
Keywords [en]
Stimuli generation, on-chip test
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20668DOI: 10.1109/ECCTD.2009.5274977ISI: 000276473700027ISBN: 978-1-4244-3896-9 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-20668DiVA, id: diva2:235483
Conference
European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, ECCTD 2009, 23-27 Aug., Antalya
Note
©2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEEAvailable from: 2009-10-13 Created: 2009-09-16 Last updated: 2010-11-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Stimuli Generation Techniques for On-Chip Mixed-Signal Test
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stimuli Generation Techniques for On-Chip Mixed-Signal Test
2010 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

With increased complexity of the contemporary very large integrated circuits the need for onchip test addressing not only the digital but also analog and mixed-signal RF blocks has emerged. The standard production test has become more costly and the instrumentation is pushed to its limits by the leading edge integrated circuit technologies. Also the chip performance for high frequency operation and the area overhead appear a hindrance in terms of the test access points needed for the instrumentation-based test. To overcome these problems, test implemented on a chip can be used by sharing the available resources such as digital signal processing (DSP) and A/D, D/A converters to constitute a built-in-self-test. In this case, the DSP can serve both as a stimuli generator and response analyzer.

Arbitrary test signals can be achieved using DSP. Specifically, the ΣΔ modulation technique implemented in software is useful to encode a single- or two-tone stimulus as a onebit sequence to generate a spectrally pure signal with a high dynamic range. The sequence can be stored in a cyclic memory on a chip and applied to the circuit under test using a buffer and a simple reconstruction filter. In this way ADC dynamic test for harmonic and intermodulation distortion is carried out in a simple setup. The FFT artifacts are avoided by careful frequency planning for low-pass and band-pass ΣΔ encoding technique. A noise shaping based on a combination of low- and band-pass ΣΔ modulation is also useful providing a high dynamic range for measurements at high frequencies that is a new approach. However, a possible asymmetry between rise and fall time due to CMOS process variations in the driving buffer results in nonlinear distortion and increased noise at low frequencies. A simple iterative predistortion technique is used to reduce the low frequency distortion components by making use of an on-chip DC calibrated ADC that is another contribution of the author.

Some tests, however, like the two-tone RF test that targets linearity performance of a radio receiver, require test stimuli based on a dedicated hardware. For the measurement of the thirdor second-intercept point (IP3/IP2) a spectrally clean stimulus is essential. Specifically, the second- or third-order harmonic or intermodulation products of the stimulus generator should be avoided as they can obscure the test measurement. A challenge in this design is the phase noise performance and spurious tones of the oscillators, and also the distortion-free addition of the two tones. The mutual pulling effect can be minimized by layout isolation techniques.

A new two-tone RF generator based on a specialized phase-locked loop (PLL) architecture is presented as a viable solution for IP3/IP2 on-chip test. The PLL provides control over the frequency spacing of two voltage controlled oscillators. For the two-tone stimulus a highly linear analog  adder is designed to limit distortion which could obscure the IP3 test. A specialized feedback circuit in the PLL is proposed to overcome interference by the reference spurs. The circuit is designed using 65 nm CMOS process. By using a fine spectral resolution the observed noise floor can be reduced to enable the measurement of second- or third-order intermodulation product tones. This also reflects a tradeoff between the test time and the test performance. While the test time to collect the required number of samples can be of milliseconds the number of samples need not be excessive, since the measurements are carried out at the receiver baseband, where the required sampling frequency is relatively low.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2010. p. 162
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1350
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-61712 (URN)978-91-7393-288-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2010-12-02, Visionen, Hus B, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2010-11-17 Created: 2010-11-17 Last updated: 2020-02-19Bibliographically approved

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Ahmad, ShakeelDabrowski, Jerzy

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