liu.seSearch for publications in DiVA
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Theoretical model of coping among relatives of patients in intensive care units: A simultaneous concept analysis
Linköping University, Department of Medicine and Care, Nursing Science. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Halmstad universitet.
Örebro universitet.
Växjö universitet.
Show others and affiliations
2006 (English)In: Journal of Advanced Nursing, ISSN 0309-2402, E-ISSN 1365-2648, Vol. 56, no 5, p. 463-471Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aim. This paper reports the development of a theoretical model of relatives' coping approaches during the patient's intensive care unit stay and subsequent recovery at home by performing an analysis of concepts generated from two empirically grounded, theoretical studies in this area. Background. When supporting relatives of intensive care unit patients, it is important that nurses have access to evidence-based knowledge of relatives' coping approaches during the period of illness and recovery. Method. Simultaneous concept analysis was used to refine and combine multiple coping concepts into a theoretical model of coping. The concepts were generated in two previous empirical studies of relatives' coping approaches during mechanically ventilated patients' intensive care unit stays and recovery at home. Findings. The theoretical model was developed in 2004-2005 and illustrates the effectiveness of different coping approaches in relation to each other and to social support. Definitions summarizing each coping approach and containing the knowledge gained through the simultaneous concept analysis method were also formulated. Conclusion. This middle-range theory of relatives' coping approaches may make a valuable contribution to international intensive care unit nursing practice, especially as it is based on empirical studies and may therefore serve as a basis for the development of future clinical guidelines. However, the theoretical model needs to be empirically validated before it can be used. © 2006 The Authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2006. Vol. 56, no 5, p. 463-471
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-36817DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04040.xLocal ID: 32682OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-36817DiVA, id: diva2:257666
Note
The original titel on the day of the defence date was "A model of coping approaches among relatives of critically ill patients: a simultaneous concept analysis".Available from: 2009-10-10 Created: 2009-10-10 Last updated: 2017-12-13
In thesis
1. Theoretical understanding of the coping approaches and social support experiences of relatives of critically ill patients during the intensive care unit stay and the recovery period at home
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Theoretical understanding of the coping approaches and social support experiences of relatives of critically ill patients during the intensive care unit stay and the recovery period at home
2006 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Relatives may experience a difficult and demanding situation when the patient is critically ill. During the period in the intensive care unit (ICU), the relatives may be subject to strong emotions of an existential nature, and the situation may involve several stressors as a result of changed roles, responsibilities and routines. These emotional stress experiences may result in weakened mental and physical functioning on the part of the relatives. During the patient’s rehabilitation at home the relatives are expected to provide care-giving assistance, which may lead to a further deterioration in their already weakened mental and physical functioning.

The general aim of the thesis was to develop a theoretical understanding of coping approaches and social support experiences of relatives of critically ill patients, both in the ICU and at home. In order to gain an understanding of these areas it was deemed important to search for knowledge by means of qualitative methods, using grounded theory methodology, simultaneous concept analysis and qualitative content analysis. A total of 32 relatives of critical care patients participated in the studies.

The findings of study I revealed that relatives of critically ill patients coped with their situation by alleviating, recycling, mastering or excluding their feelings during the ICU stay. The critical factors behind their choice of coping approach were their social circumstances, previous experiences of care and/or caring and how they apprehended the situation. In study II, during the patients’ recovery period at home, the relatives coped with their situation by accepting, volunteering, sacrificing or modulating. The critical factors in this period were the physical and psychological state of the relatives, previous experiences of care and/or caring and the psychological condition of the patient. A coping model was developed in study III, based on the coping concepts generated in studies I and II. In this model, the characteristics of each coping approach were systematised into different determinants in order to highlight the inherent process. The analysis of the relationship between the various coping approaches revealed differences in adaptation to the stressful situation. In terms of coping effectiveness, adaptation was associated with social support and health outcome. In the extended version of the coping model, with its dual perspective of the maladaptive-adaptive coping continuum and the weak-strong social support continuum, the degree of effectiveness of each coping approach was illustrated in relation to the others as well as to social support. In study IV and its Addition, a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of what relatives experienced as supportive was developed. Support was perceived as empowerment by means of internal and external resources in the form of trusting oneself, encountering charity and encountering professionalism. The sense of empowerment permitted the relatives to experience their situation as safer and easier to control. The three support dimensions with their components and characteristics were illustrated in the empowerment model.

These four studies have developed knowledge that may provide healthcare professionals with an understanding of the coping approaches and social support experiences of relatives during the critically ill patient’s ICU stay and recovery period at home. The association revealed between coping effectiveness, social support and health outcomes may draw attention to the relatives’ situation as well as to the possibility of enabling relatives to endure the patient’s entire illness and recovery period by enhancing the factors that promote effective coping. The three models may together form the basis for the development of a support programme for relatives of critically ill patients that encompasses the whole course of illness and recovery, which means that both institutional and community-based care would be involved.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institutionen för medicin och vård, 2006
Series
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 944
Keywords
coping, critical care, family, models, qualitative methods, social support
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7312 (URN)91-85497-81-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2006-05-23, Ekensalen, Campus US, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2006-09-07 Created: 2006-09-07 Last updated: 2020-03-29

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full text

Authority records

Johansson, Ingrid

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Johansson, Ingrid
By organisation
Nursing ScienceFaculty of Health Sciences
In the same journal
Journal of Advanced Nursing
Medical and Health Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 278 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • oxford
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf