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Modeling and Efficient Inference for Troubleshooting Automotive Systems
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Vehicular Systems. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.
2009 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

We consider computer assisted troubleshooting of automotive vehicles, where the objective is to repair the vehicle at as low expected cost as possible.

The work has three main contributions: a troubleshooting method that applies to troubleshooting in real environments, the discussion on practical issues in modeling for troubleshooting, and the efficient probability computations.

The work is based on a case study of an auxiliary braking system of a modern truck.

We apply a decision theoretic approach, consisting of a planner and a diagnoser.

Two main challenges in troubleshooting automotive vehicles are the need for disassembling the vehicle during troubleshooting to access parts to repair, and the difficulty to verify that the vehicle is fault free. These facts lead to that probabilities for faults and for future observations must be computed for a system that has been subject to external interventions that cause changes the dependency structure. The probability computations are further complicated due to the mixture of instantaneous and non-instantaneous dependencies.

To compute the probabilities, we develop a method based on an algorithm, updateBN, that updates a static BN to account for the external interventions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2009.
Series
LiTH-ISY-R, ISSN 1400-3902 ; 2921
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51928ISRN: LiTH-ISY-R-2921OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-51928DiVA, id: diva2:278135
Available from: 2009-11-24 Created: 2009-11-24 Last updated: 2011-02-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Probabilistic Fault Diagnosis with Automotive Applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Probabilistic Fault Diagnosis with Automotive Applications
2009 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to improved diagnosis of automotive vehicles. The work is driven by case studies, where problems and challenges are identified. To solve these problems, theoretically sound and general methods are developed. The methods are then applied to the real world systems.

To fulfill performance requirements automotive vehicles are becoming increasingly complex products. This makes them more difficult to diagnose. At the same time, the requirements on the diagnosis itself are steadily increasing. Environmental legislation requires that smaller deviations from specified operation must be detected earlier. More accurate diagnostic methods can be used to reduce maintenance costs and increase uptime. Improved diagnosis can also reduce safety risks related to vehicle operation.

Fault diagnosis is the task of identifying possible faults given current observations from the systems. To do this, the internal relations between observations and faults must be identified. In complex systems, such as automotive vehicles, finding these relations is a most challenging problem due to several sources of uncertainty. Observations from the system are often hidden in considerable levels of noise. The systems are complicated to model both since they are complex and since they are operated in continuously changing surroundings. Furthermore, since faults typically are rare, and sometimes never described, it is often difficult to get hold of enough data to learn the relations from.

Due to the several sources of uncertainty in fault diagnosis of automotive systems, a probabilistic approach is used, both to find the internal relations, and to identify the faults possibly present in the system given the current observations. To do this successfully, all available information is integrated in the computations.

Both on-board and off-board diagnosis are considered. The two tasks may seem different in nature: on-board diagnosis is performed without human integration, while the off-board diagnosis is mainly based on the interactivity with a mechanic. On the other hand, both tasks regard the same vehicle, and information from the on-board diagnosis system may be useful also for off-board diagnosis. The probabilistic methods are general, and it is natural to consider both tasks.

The thesis contributes in three main areas. First, in Paper 1 and 2, methods are developed for combining training data and expert knowledge of different kinds to compute probabilities for faults. These methods are primarily developed with on-board diagnosis in mind, but are also applicable to off-board diagnosis. The methods are general, and can be used not only in diagnosis of technical system, but also in many other applications, including medical diagnosis and econometrics, where both data and expert knowledge are present.

The second area concerns inference in off-board diagnosis and troubleshooting, and the contribution consists in the methods developed in Paper 3 and 4. The methods handle probability computations in systems subject to external interventions, and in particular systems that include both instantaneous and non-instantaneous dependencies. They are based on the theory of Bayesian networks, and include event-driven non-stationary dynamic Bayesian networks (nsDBN) and an efficient inference algorithm for troubleshooting based on static Bayesian networks. The framework of nsDBN event-driven nsDBN is applicable to all kinds of problems concerning inference under external interventions.

The third contribution area is Bayesian learning from data in the diagnosis application. The contribution is the comparison and evaluation of five Bayesian methods for learning in fault diagnosis in Paper 5. The special challenges in diagnosis related to learning from data are considered. It is shown how the five methods should be tailored to be applicable to fault diagnosis problems.

To summarize, the five papers in the thesis have shown how several challenges in automotive diagnosis can be handled by using probabilistic methods. Handling such challenges with probabilistic methods has a great potential. The probabilistic methods provide a framework for utilizing all

information available, also if it is in different forms and. The probabilities computed can be combined with decision theoretic methods to determine the appropriate action after the discovery of reduced system functionality due to faults.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2009. p. 44
Series
Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations, ISSN 0345-7524 ; 1288
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51931 (URN)978-91-7393-493-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2009-12-18, Visionen, Hus B, Campus Valla, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2009-11-30 Created: 2009-11-24 Last updated: 2020-02-19Bibliographically approved

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Pernestål, AnnaNyberg, MattiasWarnquist, Håkan

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