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Q-space trajectory imaging for multidimensional diffusion MRI of the human brain
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics. Linköping University, Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV). Linköping University, Faculty of Science & Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9091-4724
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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2016 (English)In: NeuroImage, ISSN 1053-8119, E-ISSN 1095-9572, Vol. 135, p. 345-362Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This work describes a new diffusion MR framework for imaging and modeling of microstructure that we call q-space trajectory imaging (QTI). The QTI framework consists of two parts: encoding and modeling. First we propose q-space trajectory encoding, which uses time-varying gradients to probe a trajectory in q-space, in contrast to traditional pulsed field gradient sequences that attempt to probe a point in q-space. Then we propose a microstructure model, the diffusion tensor distribution (DTD) model, which takes advantage of additional information provided by QTI to estimate a distributional model over diffusion tensors. We show that the QTI framework enables microstructure modeling that is not possible with the traditional pulsed gradient encoding as introduced by Stejskal and Tanner. In our analysis of QTI, we find that the well-known scalar b-value naturally extends to a tensor-valued entity, i.e., a diffusion measurement tensor, which we call the b-tensor. We show that b-tensors of rank 2 or 3 enable estimation of the mean and covariance of the DTD model in terms of a second order tensor (the diffusion tensor) and a fourth order tensor. The QTI framework has been designed to improve discrimination of the sizes, shapes, and orientations of diffusion microenvironments within tissue. We derive rotationally invariant scalar quantities describing intuitive microstructural features including size, shape, and orientation coherence measures. To demonstrate the feasibility of QTI on a clinical scanner, we performed a small pilot study comparing a group of five healthy controls with five patients with schizophrenia. The parameter maps derived from QTI were compared between the groups, and 9 out of the 14 parameters investigated showed differences between groups. The ability to measure and model the distribution of diffusion tensors, rather than a quantity that has already been averaged within a voxel, has the potential to provide a powerful paradigm for the study of complex tissue architecture.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2016. Vol. 135, p. 345-362
Keywords [en]
DDE, DTI, Diffusion MRI, Diffusion tensor distribution, Microscopic anisotropy, Microscopic fractional anisotropy μFA, QTI, SDE, TDE, q-space, q-space trajectory
National Category
Medical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129986DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.039ISI: 000378047600031PubMedID: 26923372OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-129986DiVA, id: diva2:945840
Note

Funding agencies:The authors acknowledge the NIH grants R01MH074794, R01MH092862, R01MH102377, R01AG042512, P41EB015902, P41EB015898, U01CA199459, and the Swedish Research Council (VR) grants 2012-3682, 2011-5176, 2014-3910, TUBITAK-EU COFUND project no. 114C015, ITEA/Vinnova/13031 BENEFIT, and Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) grant AM13-0090.

Available from: 2016-07-04 Created: 2016-07-04 Last updated: 2017-11-28Bibliographically approved

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Westin, Carl-FredrikKnutsson, HansÖzarslan, Evren

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Medical InformaticsFaculty of Science & EngineeringCenter for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV)Department of Biomedical Engineering
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